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MEDIC PHARMACOLOGY
33
Pharmacology
Post-Graduate
11/16/2017

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Metoprolol Tartrate

 

Brand Name:

Definition

 

 Lopressor / Toprol XL

 

Term

 

 Metoprolol Tartrate

Drug Class:

 

Definition

 

 Beta Blocker, beta -1 selective; antihypertensive,

antidysrhythmic

 

Term

 

 Metoprolol Tartrate

 

 

Mechanism of Action:

 

 

Definition

 

Decreases heart rate, conduction velocity,

myocardial contractility, and cardiac output.

Used to control ventricular response in SVT (PSVT, atrial flutter).

Considered second line agent after adenosine, diltiazem, or digitalis derivative.

 

Term

 

 Metoprolol Tartrate

Indications:

Definition

 

PSVT, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation,

reduces myocardial ischemia and

damage in patients with AMI

 

Term

 

 Metoprolol Tartrate

Contraindications:

Definition

 

Heart failure, second or

third degree AV block, first degree heart block

(if PR interval is equal or greater than 0.24 seconds),

sick sinus syndrome, cardiogenic shock,

bradycardia

 

 

Term

 

 Metoprolol Tartrate

Adverse Effects:

Definition

 

Weakness, dizziness, depression, bronchospasm, wheezing, dyspnea, bradycardia, pulmonary edema, CHF, AV blocks, hypotension, heart failure, nausea, indigestion.

 

Term

 

 Metoprolol Tartrate

 

Precautions:

 

Definition

 

 May cause a decrease in alertness, may

 Worsen s/s of heart failure in some

patients

 

Term

 

 Metoprolol Tartrate

Dose & Administration:

Definition

 

Adult: 5 mg slow IV push at 5 minute intervals to a total of 15 mg. hypertension dose is 100 mg daily po. Not to exceed 450 mg/day

 

Pedi: Safety not established

 

Term
Brand Name: Atenolol
Definition

 

 Tenormin

 

Term

 

 Atenolol

 

Drug Class:

 

Definition
Beta Blocker (beta-1 selective), Antidysrhythmic
Term

 

Atenolol

 

Mechanism of Action:

 

Definition

 

Decreases heart rate, myocardial contractility, and

cardiac output.

Inhibits dilation of bronchial smooth muscle.

 

 

Term

 

Atenolol

 

Indications:

 

Definition

 

 

To reduce myocardial ischemia and damage in acute myocardial infarction patients; paroxysmal SVT, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, hypertension.

 

 

 

Term

 

 Atenolol

 

Contraindications:

 

Definition

 

Heart failure, cardiogenic shock, bradycardia,

lung disease, hypotension, 2nd or 3rd degree

heart block.

 

 

Term

 

Atenolol

 

Adverse Effects:

 

Definition

 

Dizziness, bronchospasm, bradycardia, AV conduction delays, hypotension, myocardial infarction, heart failure.

 

Term

 

Atenolol

 

Precautions:

 

Definition

 

 Anti-hypertensive effects may be potentiated

 When taken with Ca+ channel blockers or

 MAOI’s, Sympathomimetic drugs may be

 Antagonized, hypoglycemia may be masked

 

Term

 

 Atenolol

 

Dose & Administration:

 

Definition

 

Adult: 5 mg slow IV (over 5 minutes).

Wait 10 minutes. Give second dose of 5 mg over

5 minutes.

 

Pedi: Not Recommended.

 

Term

 

Propanolol

 

Drug Class

 

Definition
Beta Blocker, Antihypertensive
Term

 

Propanolol

 

Mechanism of action:

 

Definition

 

 Beta adrenergic blocker, reducing inotropic,

 Chronotropic & dromotropic effects of the heart

 By antagonizing cardiac beta receptors

 Is non selective

 

Term

 

 Propanolol

 

Contraindications:

 

Definition

 

 Sinus bradycardia, 2nd or 3rd degree heart block

 Sick sinus syndrome (if no pacer present)

 Asthma, cardiogenic shock, CHF

 Pulmonary edema

 

Term

 

 Propanolol

 

Dose & Administration

 

Definition

 

 1 to 3 mg infused at 1 mg/min

 

Term

 

 Heparin Sodium

 

Drug Class:

 

Definition
Anticoagulant
Term

 

 Heparin Sodium

 

Mechanism of Action:

 

Definition

 

Prevents conversion of fibrogen to fibrin.

Affects clotting factors IX, XI, XII, plasmin.

Does not destroy existing clots.

 

 

Term

 

 Heparin Sodium

 

Contraindications:

 

Definition

 

Hypersensitivity, active bleeding, recent intracranial/

intraspinal/eyes surgery,

severe hypertension,

bleeding tendencies, severe thrombocytopenia

 

Term

 

 Heparin Sodium

 

Dose & Administration

 

Definition

 

 

 

Adult: 60I units/kg IV bolus with max dose of 4000 units. Continuous infusion is given following the bolus at a rate of 12 units/kg/hr round to the nearest 50

 

Pedi: Not recommended

 

 

 

Term

 

 Heparin Sodium

 

Adverse Effects:

 

Definition

 

Pain, anaphylaxis, shock, hematuria, GI bleeding, hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, bruising.

 

Term

 

Furosemide

 

Brand Name:

 

Definition

 

 Lasix

 

Term

 

Furosemide

 

Drug Class:

 

Definition
 Loop diuretic
Term

 

Furosemide

 

Mechanism of Action:

 

Definition

 

Blocks the absorption of sodium and chloride at the distal and proximal tubules and the loop of Henle, causing increased urine output

 

Term

 

Furosemide

 

Indications:

 

Definition

 

CHF, Pulmonary edema, hypertensive crisis

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 Furosemide

 

Contraindications:

 

Definition

 

Hypovolemia, anuria, hypotension (relative contraindication) hypersensitivity, hepatic coma, suspected electrolyte imbalances.

 

Term

 

Furosemide

 

Adverse Effects:

 

Definition

 

Dizziness, headache, ECG changes, weakness,

orthostatic hypotension, dysrhythmias, nausea,

vomiting, diarrhea, dry mouth, may exacerbate

hypovolemia and hypokalemia, hyperglycemia

(due to hemoconcentration)

 

Term

 

Furosemide

 

Precautions:

 

Definition

 

 Lithium and digitalis toxicity may develop

 Due to changes in water balance.  **Many

 Negative consequences when incorrectly given

 To patients with pneumonia**

 

Term

 

 Furosemide

 

Dose & Administration:

 

Definition

 

Adult: 0.5 – 1 mg/kg IV over 1 – 2 minutes.

If no response, double the dose to 2 mg/kg slowly over

1 -2 minutes. EMS standard dose is 40 mg for patients

not taking Lasix, and double home dose up to 80 mg

if patients are taking home Lasix.

Pedi: 1 mg/kg IV/IO

 

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