Term
| Who founded the first Psychology lab and where was it located? |
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Definition
| William Wundt,1879,leipzig |
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Term
| What did the first psychology experiments test (how was it tested)? |
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Definition
| reaction time, (ball dropped,time how long it takes for participant to press telegraph key |
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Term
| Psychology evolved from fields of what sciences? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| looking inward to learn about thought |
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Term
| How did Wundt define Psychology? |
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Definition
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Term
How did John Watson define Psychology?
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Definition
| science of observable behavior |
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Term
| Define Psychology (from the book). |
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Definition
the science of behavior and mental process
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Term
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Definition
| actions that can be observed |
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Term
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Definition
| thoughts motives that ant be observed |
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Term
| What is the difference between Psychology and Psychiatry? |
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Definition
psychiatry-requires med school,specialize
psychology-undergrad,cant prescribe drugs |
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Term
| What are four goals of psychology as a science? |
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Definition
| observe,describe,predict,explain |
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Term
| Name and describe the seven different “schools of thought” in psychology that we talked about in class |
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Definition
1.Behavior-(reinforcement/punishment
2.Pschoanalysis-(guided by unconsious thoughts/ motives centered around sex/agression
3.Humanistic Psychology-the way healthy people thrive,1st bio needs then self actualization
4.Cognitive-looks at thoughts
5.physiiological-neuroscience/bio of the brain
6.evolutionary-behaviors are disposed or reproduced in offspring
7.sociocultural-how society affects behavior |
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Term
| What do Clinical or Counseling Psychologists do and where might they work |
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Definition
clinical-generally treat server disorders
counseling-less severe |
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Term
| What do Clinical or Counseling Psychologists do and where might they work |
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Definition
| provide accessible care(suicide hotlines) |
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Term
15. What do Experimental & Physiological Psychologists do and where might they work?
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Definition
| more likely to experiment with animals with meds/products |
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Term
16. What do Developmental Psychologists do and where might they work?
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Definition
| the study of change (womb to tomb),university |
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Term
17. What do Social Psychologists do and where might they work?
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Definition
| relationship/social interactions |
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Term
18. What do School & Educational Psychologists do and where might they work?
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Definition
| one person per few schools not guidance counselor |
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Term
19. What do I/O Psychologists do and where might they work?
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Definition
| human resources in industrial businesses,employee motivation |
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Term
20. Why is Psychology a science?
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Definition
uses scientific method to see if your right or wrong
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Term
21. How does Psychology seek to sort fact from fiction?
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Definition
| using scientific method/experimenting |
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Term
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Definition
| statement that-explains current data,makes predictions about future data,testable |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
26. What is the scientific method and what are its steps?
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Definition
| wag,collect data,analyze,conclude,reform |
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Term
27. In psychological measurement, what is meant by “population”?
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Definition
| group you want to generalize too |
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Term
28. In psychological measurement, what is meant by “sample”?
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Definition
| show every group/type/ persons equally |
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Term
29. Describe the 4 Criteria for Good Research (Reliability, Validity, Replicability, Representativeness).
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Definition
2 important
reliable-repeatable measure
valid-currect measure |
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Term
30. What is an Experiment?
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Definition
| where you test wag by controlling and changing other variables |
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Term
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Definition
| manipulated variable-type of music listened too |
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Term
32. What is a Dependent Variable? Give Examples.
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Definition
| variable that is measured-how does participant test after listening to music? |
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Term
33. What is an Experimental Group?
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Definition
| any group that gets treatment |
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Term
34. What is a Control Group?
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Definition
| no treatment or maybe a placebo |
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Term
35. What does “Random Assignment” mean?
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Definition
| put people in control or experiment group at random |
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Term
36. You should be able to apply the terms to a research design: Independent Variable Dependent Variable, Experimental Group, Control Group, and Random Assignment.
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Definition
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Term
37. What are advantages of doing research on animals?
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Definition
| less controversial,shorter lifespan |
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Term
39. What does Correlational Research measure?
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Definition
| the relationship between 2 variables |
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Term
40. What is a Positive Correlation? Give Examples.
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Definition
| when 2 variables covary in the same direction |
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Term
41. What is a Negative Correlation? Give examples.
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Definition
| 2 variables covary in opposite directions |
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Term
43. What are the advantages to correlational research?
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Definition
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Term
44. What are the disadvantages to correlational research?
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Definition
| correlation is NOT equal cause |
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Term
45. What is an Observational study? Give examples.
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Definition
| what you observe/when you observe it |
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Term
47. What is meant by a Case Study?
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Definition
| in depth look of a single individual |
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Term
48. Describe Sampling Bias. Give examples.
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Definition
| occurs if sample is not representative of your population(phone polling) |
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Term
49. Describe Placebo Effects. Give an example of what we might use this for.
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Definition
| where a person thinks they are given a cure and really get cured/non alcoholic drink and feel drunk(33% effective) |
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Term
50. What are Social Desirability Effects? Give an example.
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Definition
| answering questions with socially accepted answers(do you do drugs? no) |
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Term
51. What is Experimenter Bias? How might this affect research?
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Definition
| experimenters expectation result experiment,(see what you want to see) |
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Term
52. Define Confounding Variable. Give an example.
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Definition
| and variable not taken into account that effects the experiment (temperature) |
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Term
53. Can laboratory experiments illuminate everyday life?
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Definition
| for the most part,run risk of being contrived |
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Term
57. Is it ethical to experiment on people?
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Definition
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Term
58. If psychologists experiment on people, what steps must they take?
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Definition
| consent,if deceived they must be told, least amount of uncomfort |
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Term
1. What is Phrenology? Who started it, and what does it measure?
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Definition
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Term
2. Who is Phineas Gage and why is he special?
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Definition
| spike through head,first case where personality was linked to the brain |
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Term
3. What are neurons and what is their function? How do we use them to communicate?
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Definition
neuron job-recive,transmit,intergrate
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Term
4. What is a Cell body? What is its function?
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Definition
| neuron life support center,responsible for growth and maintenance |
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Term
5. What is a Dendrite? What is its function?
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Definition
| receives messages from other neurons |
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Term
6. What is an Axon? What is its function?
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Definition
| passes messages away from cell body to other neurons or glands(out of the terminal buttons) |
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Term
7. What is a Myelin Sheath? What is its function?
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Definition
| covering of the axon made out of fat,covers the axon of neurons and helps increase the speed of transmission |
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Term
8. What disease is the result of decaying myelin?
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Definition
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Term
9. What is a Synapse? What is its function?
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Definition
| gap between the terminal button of one neuron to the dendrite of another neuron |
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Term
10. What are Neurotransmitters? What is their function?
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Definition
| chemical messages(send information across synapse to the next neuron) |
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Term
11. What is an Action Potential?
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Definition
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Term
12. What does Resting Potential mean?
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Definition
| stable charge of a neuron |
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Term
13. What is meant by the “All or None Principle”?
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Definition
| small change nothing happens,(barley pull the trigger) |
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Term
16. What is Dopamine and what do we think it is involved in?
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Definition
| movement,learning,emotion |
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Term
17. What is Serotonin and what do we think it is involved in?
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Definition
| mood,hunger,arousal,alertness |
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Term
18. What is Norepinephrine and what do we think it is involved in?
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Definition
| adrenaline,alertness,arousal |
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Term
19. What are Endorphins and what do we think they are involved in?
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Definition
| natural pain killers(opiuts) |
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Term
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Definition
any type of drug that causes transmissions
(facilitate release,block re uptake,mimic neuro transmitters) |
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Term
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Definition
| block release,initiate re uptake,blocks neuro- transsmissions |
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Term
23. What is the Blood brain barrier and how does it work?
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Definition
| tiny network blood vessels that provide a physical barrier to the brain(weakest point is area postrema) |
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Term
24. What are the 2 Primary Divisions of the nervous system and what structures do they include?
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Definition
central nervous system-brain and spinal chord
peripheral nervous system- everything else |
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Term
25. What are the 2 divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?
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Definition
somatic-contains nerves that connect muscles to sensory
autonomic- in charge of flight or flight response |
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Term
27. Compare and contrast afferent and efferent nerve fibers.
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Definition
afferent-carrys info PNS-CNS
efferent-carrys info CNS-PNS |
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Term
29. Compare and contrast the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems.
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Definition
sympathetic- mobilizes (engges flight or fight response)
parasympathetic-slows down/conserves calms you down |
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Term
30. How much does the average human brain weigh and how big is it?
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Definition
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Term
31. In what order does the brain develop?
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Definition
| bainstem,cerebelleum,pons,thalamus |
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Term
32. What is the Brainstem and what are its primary functions?
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Definition
| basic needs breathing heart rate |
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Term
33. What is the Cerebellum and what are its primary functions?
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Definition
| in charge of balance/coordination |
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Term
34. What is the Pons and what are its primary functions?
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Definition
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Term
35. What is the amygdala and what are its primary functions?
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Definition
| influences aggression/fear |
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Term
36. What is the hypothalamus and what are its primary functions?
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Definition
| in charge of 4 F's-fighting,flee,feed,f*** |
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Term
37. What is the Frontal lobe and what are its primary functions?
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Definition
| intelligence,personality,voluntary motor movements |
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Term
38. What is the Parietal lobe and what are its primary functions?
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Definition
| bodily sensation,spatial ability |
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Term
39. What is the Temporal lobe and what are its primary functions?
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Definition
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Term
40. What is the Occipital lobe and what are its primary functions?
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Definition
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Term
41. What is meant by “association areas” in the brain and where are they located?
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Definition
| speech production/understanding |
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Term
42. What is Broca’s area and where is it located? What types of deficits would damage to this area cause?
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Definition
| aphasia-speech production |
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Term
43. What is Wernicke’s area and where is it located? What types of deficits would damage to this area cause?
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Definition
| aphasia-speech comprehension |
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Term
44. What structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
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Definition
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Term
45. For the following abilities, name which hemisphere is superior: logical thinking, language ability, writing, science and math skills.
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Definition
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Term
46. For the following abilities, name which hemisphere is superior: musical and artistic ability, perception of space, imagination and fantasizing, body control and awareness.
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Definition
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Term
49. What is meant by Brain plasticity? At what ages are our brains the most plastic?
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Definition
| ability for the brain to reorganize if your injured (before puberty) |
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