What is chemistry?

Study of mater and it's interacton with other mater

What is scientific method?

a set of general principles that describes the thinking of a scientist

Name the more steps involved in the scientific method?

Observations,Hypotheisis, Experiments, and Theory

What is the importance of chemistry?

Understanding chemistry and measurement helps us make proper choices about the world

What is the difference of

Mass vs. Weight

Mass is the same no matter what

weight is depentent on gravity

What equation is used to show Density?

Density = mass of substance

volume of substance

What is ment by density?

mass of an object vs. it's volume

What is chemistry's relationship to other sciences?

Physics is the basis of chemistry.

Chemistry is the basis of biology.

Biology is the basis for psychology.

Psychology is the basis of sociology.

What is the relationship between cm³ and mL?

D=  g  =   g

        mL = cm³

What is specifc gravity?

A ratio between density of a substance and the density of water.

How is specific gravity related to density?

specific gravity = density of sample

What is the density of water?

1.00 g/ml

What is matter?

A measure of the quantity of material in an object

What are the physical states of matter?

Pure substance or mixtures

How can we tell the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?

A pure substance is one type of matter

A mixture is 2 or more pure substances

What is an element?

Element is the simples because they are compused of one atom.

What is a compound?

Consist of a combination of two or more elements in the same ratio.

What is ment by period?

Each horizontal row on the periodic table

What is ment by group?

Each vertical column on the periodic table

What is the name of group 1?

Alkali Metals

What is the name of group 2?

Alkaline earth metals

What is the name of group 17?

Halogens

What is the name of group 18?

Noble gases

Where are metals found on the periodic table?

Found on the left of the line except for hydrogen

Where are nonmetals found on the periodic table?

Found on the right of the line

Where are metalloids found on the periodic table?

Found in the shaded boxes

What subatomic particles are found in an atom?

Where are they located?

Proton - nucleus

Neutron - nucleus

Electron - outside nucleus

What are the charges of the subatomic particles?

What are their masses?

Protons = + 1amu

Neutron = 0 1amu

Electron = - 0amu

Given an isotope symbol for an element, how can we determine the numbers of neutrons, protons, and electrons?

mass number - atomic number = neutrons

atomic number = protons and electrons

What is ment by isotopes?

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.

Why is the mass reported on the periodic table different than the mass of individual isotope?

Mass reported on the periodic table is an average of naturally occuring isotopes.

Which orbitals are found in each energy level?

s orbitals for each s sublevel

p orbitals for each p sublevel

d orbitals for each d sublevel

f orbitals for each f sublevel

What are the maximum number of electrons found in each shell, subshell, or orbital?

s - 2 electrons

p - 6 electrons

d - 10 electrons

f = 14 electrons

Orbitals: Shape of s

How is this related to the probability of locating  an electron?

S is 3D spherical shape

The shape gives a high probability of locating an electron

Orbitals: Shape of p

How is this related to the probability of locating  an electron?

Shape of p is 3D dumbbell

This gives p a higher probability of finding an electron.

Electron spin

(what happens when 2 electrons are placed in the same orbital?)

They have opposite spins

Periodic Trends

relationship to period and group

Periods = increase or decrease

Group = patteren of regular change

Atomic Size: trend in period?

group?

Period = increase of valence electrons w/ corresponding increase in protons

Group = atomic radius increases

Ionization Energy (first): trend in period?

group?

period = increases

group = decreases

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

Lewis Symbols for atoms

(Electron-Don Symbols)

Convenient way to represent the valence electron.

The mass of the sun is 2.00 x 10³⁰kg.  Hydrogen makes up 74% of this mass.

Calculate the mass of hydrogen in the sun in grams.  Show answer in scientific notation.

2.00 x 10³⁰ kg    74 kgH   1000 gH

                     100 kg     1kgH

148 x 10³⁵

100                               = 1.48 x 10³³ gH

Kelvin vs. Celsius

100 kelvins = 1 celsius unit

Beaker

Erlenmeyer Flask

Graduated Cylinder

Volumetric Flask