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Dr. O Antacids and Acid controlling agents
Dr. O Antacids and Acid controlling agents
20
Pharmacology
Professional
12/01/2010

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The stomach secretes?
Definition

 

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Bicarbonate
Pepsinogen
Intrinsic factor
Mucus
Prostaglandins
Term
Cell of the gastric gland?
Definition

 

Parietal
Chief
Mucoid
Term

 

Parietal Cells

Definition

 

Produce and secrete HCl
Primary site of action for many acid-controller drugs
Term
Chief Cells?
Definition

 

Secrete pepsinogen, a proenzyme
Pepsinogen becomes PEPSIN when activated by exposure to acid
Pepsin breaks down proteins (proteolytic)
Term
Mucoid Cells?
Definition

 

Mucus-secreting cells (surface epithelial cells)
Provide a protective mucous coat
Protects against self-digestion by HCl
Term
Hydrochloric Acid?
Definition

 

Secreted by the parietal cells
Maintains stomach at a pH of 1 to 4
Secretion stimulated by:
Large, fatty meals
Excessive amounts of alcohol
Emotional stress
Term
Acid Related Diseases?
Definition

 

Most common:  Hyperacidity
Most harmful:  Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
Term
Antacids promote the gastric mucosal defense mechanism by? 
Definition

 

Secretion of:
Mucus:  Protective barrier against HCl
Bicarbonate:  Helps buffer acidic properties of HCl
Prostaglandins:  Prevent activation of proton pump
Term

 

Reduction of pain associated with acid-related disorders is reduced by?

Definition

 

Raising gastric pH from 1.3 to 1.6 neutralizes 50% of the gastric acid.
Raising gastric pH 1 point (1.3 to 2.3) neutralizes  90% of the gastric acid.
Term

 

 Aluminum Salts used in antacids?

Definition

 

Have constipating effects
Often used with magnesium to counteract constipation

  Example:  aluminum carbonate (Basaljel)

Term
Magnesium Salts used in antacids can?
Definition

 

Commonly cause a laxative effect
Usually used with other agents to counteract this effect
Dangerous when used with renal failure—the failing kidney cannot excrete extra magnesium, resulting in accumulation
Term
Calcium Salts used in antacids?
Definition

 

May cause constipation
Their use may result in kidney stones
Long duration of acid action may cause increased gastric acid secretion (hyperacidity rebound)
Often advertised as an extra source of dietary calcium

  Example:  Tums (calcium carbonate)

Term
Sodium Bicarbonate used in antacids?
Definition

 

Quick onset, but short duration
May cause metabolic alkalosis
Sodium content may cause problems in patients with CHF, hypertension, or renal insufficiency
Term
What are antiflatulents?
Definition
relieve the painful symptoms associated with gas
Term
OTC antiflatulents include?
Definition

 

activated charcoal
simethicone
Alters elasticity of mucus-coated bubbles, causing them to break.
Used often, but there are limited data to support effectiveness.
Term
Antacid Side effects are?
Definition

 

Minimal, and depend on the compound used

Aluminum and calcium
Constipation
Magnesium
Diarrhea
Calcium carbonate
Produces gas and belching; often combined   with simethicone
Term
H2 Antagonists do what?
Definition

 All available OTC

Most popular drugs for treatment of acid-related disorders

  cimetidine (Tagamet)  famotidine (Pepcid)
 
nizatidine (Axid)  ranitidine (Zantac)

Block histamine (H2) at the receptors of acid-producing parietal cells

Production of hydrogen ions is reduced, resulting in decreased production of HCl

 

Term
Proton Pump Inhibitors:
Mechanism of Action?
Definition

 

Irreversibly bind to H+/K+ ATPase enzyme.

This bond prevents the movement of hydrogen ions from the parietal cell into the stomach.
Result:  Achlorhydria—ALL gastric acid secretion
is blocked.
In order to return to normal acid secretion, the parietal cell must synthesize new H+/K+ ATPase.
Term
Name the proton pump inhibitors Dr. O went over in class?
Definition

 

Total inhibition of gastric acid secretion

  lansoprazole (Prevacid) 

  omeprazole (Prilosec)

  rabeprazole (Aciphex) 

  pantoprazole (Protonix)

  esomeprazole (Nexium)

Term
Proton Pump Inhibitors: 
Therapeutic Uses?
Definition

 

GERD maintenance therapy
Erosive esophagitis
Short-term treatment of active duodenal and benign gastric ulcers
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Treatment of H. pylori-induced ulcers
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