Term
| There is a lag between what system and what cortex? |
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Definition
| There is lag between the LIMBIC SYSTEM (emotions) and PREFRONTAL CORTEX (which manages emotions.) |
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Term
| When do the limbic system and prefrontal cortex mature? |
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Definition
| The Limbic Systems matures during puberty, while the Prefrontal Cortex matures for another decade afterwards. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Living things contain what four things? |
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Definition
| Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. |
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Term
| What are the six other characteristics of living things? |
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Definition
| They are composed of cells, grow and reproduce, use energy and raw materials, respond to their environment, maintain homeostasis, and evolve and have adaptive traits. |
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Term
| Name six types of living things |
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Definition
| Fungi, Plants, Animals, Bacteria, Archaea, and Protista. |
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Term
| The scientific method is limited by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the steps of the Scientific Method: |
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Definition
OHPERC:
Observation->Hypothesis->Prediction->Experiment->Results->Conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
Using observations and facts to arrive at generalizations or hypotheses.
Ex:
Generalization: Eagles, swallows, and robins have feathers.
Hypothesis: All birds have feathers. |
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Term
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Definition
Drawing a specific conclusion based on a generalization.
Generalization: Birds have feathers.
Example: If: Eagles are birds
Conclusion: Then: eagles have feathers. |
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Term
| What type of trials follow strict guidelines? |
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Definition
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Term
| All matter is made of what two things, and what do those two things consist of? |
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Definition
| Quarks (protons and neutrons) and leptons (electrons and neutrinos). |
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Term
| What is a covalent bond? ionic? hydrogen? Strongest; weakest? |
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Definition
Covalent: Two atoms share electrons.
Ionic: Two atoms give/take 1+ electron.
Hydrogen: Hydrogen atom and electro-neg. atom.
Strongest is covalent, weakest is hydrogen. |
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Term
| pH scale; Acid, Neutral, Base |
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Definition
Acid: 0-7
Neutral 7
Base 7 to 14 (Alkaline) |
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Term
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Definition
They store energy and form cell membranes.
triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids. |
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Term
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Definition
Provide structure and speed up chemical reactions.
Amino Acids, Protein Structure, enyzmes |
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Term
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Definition
Supply energy to cells.
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides. |
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Term
| Nucleic Acids: What are they? |
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Definition
They include DNA and RNA.
Nucleotides, ATP |
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Term
| Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic cells? Which is more complex? |
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Definition
| Eukaryotic are structurally more complex. |
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Term
| Functions of Plasma Membrane: |
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Definition
Maintenance of structural integrity of cells.
Regulates movements of substances through cell.
Recogniton and communication between cells.
Sticking cells togetherto form tissues and organs. |
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Term
| What compartments are in organelles? |
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Definition
| Nuclues, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body, lysosome, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. |
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Term
| What are microtubules and what do they do? |
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Definition
| Cytoskeletons; they provide support and movement. |
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Term
| Cellular respiration requires ______ |
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Definition
Oxygen.
Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle, electron transport. |
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Term
| What is Cellular Repiration and Fermentation used to generate? |
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Definition
ATP; does not require oxygen.
-lactic acid fermentation
-alcoholic fermentation |
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Term
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Definition
uncontrolled cell division.
a single cell that escapes normal control mechanisms. |
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Term
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Definition
Carcinoma: epithelial tissue, metastasize
Leukemia - bone marrow stem cells
Sarcoma - connective tissue, muscle, bones, cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
Lymphoma - lymph tissue, hodgkins
Adenocarcinoma - glandular epithelia, liver, salivary, breast |
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Term
Cancer does not occur in:
Cancer involves _____ in ____: |
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Definition
single celled life.
mutations in genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tumor suppressant gene that produces a protein that stops the cell cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| The protective segments at the tips of chromosomes. |
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Term
| Cancer Radiation: Benefit vs. Risk |
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Definition
| Chemo: Chemicals seek out cancer and kill; they cause trouble down the road. |
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Term
| Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy... Used for? |
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Definition
Surgery: remove tumors
Radiation: kill localized cancer cells
Chemo: kill cancer cells through body |
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Term
| What does immunotherapy do? |
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Definition
| Boosts immune responses against cancerl cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unspecialized cells that divide continually and can be made to develop into different tissue types |
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Term
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Definition
Totipotent - develop into all types
Pluripotent: develop into nearly every
Multipotent: differentiate into several
Unipotent: differentiate only one type |
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Term
| Four primary sources of stem cells: |
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Definition
| Adult, Umbilical cord, Amniotic fluid, Embyronic. |
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Term
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Definition
Somatic cell nuclear transplant.
Cell taken from donor, nucleus put in egg. |
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Term
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Definition
| Support, movement, protection, storage of minerals and fats, and blood cell production. |
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Term
| Bones consist of two layers: |
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Definition
| Outer hard layer of compact bone, inner layer of spongy bone. |
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Term
| Thyroid hormones do what? |
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Definition
| Ensure skeletons grow to proper proportions. |
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Term
| Bone fractures are healed by: |
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Definition
| fibroblasts and osteoblasts |
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Term
| Bone remodeling involves: |
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Definition
| osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
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Term
| Fibroblasts, Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts... B means, C means: |
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Definition
B- "Build up" healing.
C - "Chew" remove. |
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Term
| Hormones involved in Bone Remodeling: |
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Definition
Calcitonin: decreases blood calcium; stimualates osteoblasts to make bone.
Parathyroid hormone; increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bone is broken down faster than it is built. |
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Term
| Human skeleton has two parts: |
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Definition
Cranium;
Skeleton: Axial/Appendicular |
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Term
| Axial Skeleton is composed of: |
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Definition
| skull, vertebral column, skull, sternum, rib cage |
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Term
| Appendicular skeleton consists of: |
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Definition
| pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| Vertabrae cushioned with intervertebral disks. (disks sonsit of pads of fibrocartilage.) |
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Term
| Slipped disk vs sciatica disk |
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Definition
Slipped: bulges inward and can press against spinal cord
Sciatica: bulges outward and presses against the sciatic nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Twisted disease" - abnormal curvature of spine to left or right. Cause unknown. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hinge vs Ball and Socket Joint locations |
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Definition
Hinge: knee, elbow
Ball and Socket: hip, shoulder |
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Term
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Definition
| Extensions increase angle between bones of the joint. Flexion decreases angle, brings bones closer together. |
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Term
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Definition
Adduction: movement of muscle toward body midline.
Abduction: away from body midline. |
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Term
| Rotation vs Circumduction |
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Definition
Rotation: movement of a body part around own axis. (head)
Circ: movement in wide circle so motion describes a cone. (arm) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Osteo vs Rheumatoid arthritis |
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Definition
Osteo: degeneration of surface of joint over time
Rheumatoid: autoimmune condition marked by an inflammation of the synovial membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of how humans systems function and interact. |
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Term
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Definition
| covers body surfaces, lines cavities and organs, forms glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| storage site for fat, participates in immunity, and provides support/protection for organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Responsible for movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| coordinates body activities, conducts sensory info, controls muscles and some glands. |
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Term
| Epithelial tissues share two characteristics: |
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Definition
-surfaces that may be specialized for protection, secretion, and absorption.
-Basement membrane binds to resist stretching. |
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Term
| What are connective tissues contained in? |
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Definition
| An extracellular matrix of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. |
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Term
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Definition
tough but flexible; serves as a cushion between bones.
types: hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage. |
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Term
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Definition
White: infection
Red: transport oxygen to cells; co2 away.
Platelets: clotting. |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve cells that convert stimuli into nerve impulses. |
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Term
| T or F: Most organs are housed in body cavities that are lined with membranes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does skin do, and what are the layers? |
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Definition
Protects, regulates body temp, and excretes.
(Epidermis & Dermis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells that produce pigment Melanin. Skin color is determined by blood flow and distrubtion of Melanocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic makeup determines what type and quantity of melanin produced; no melanin produced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Melanocytes disappear from areas of skin leaving white patches. |
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Term
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Definition
| The relatively constant internal condition required for life. |
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Term
Just for fun:
If you're a teepee, and a wigwam then you are: |
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Definition
Two tents! (Too tense!)
[Gotta love his humor.] |
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Term
What is ATP?
(No, not what Nollenberger drew on the board!) |
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Definition
| the major source of energy for cellular reactions; found in organelle Mitochondria! |
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