Term
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Definition
This type of cell is seen in the
posterior nerve root ganglion cells. |
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Term
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Definition
these are found retina and the vestibulo cochlear
ganglion of the eight cranial nerve |
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Term
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Definition
This type of nerve cells will have a single axon and a number of
dendrites and the dendrites repeatedly branch to form a network. These cells are seen in
the cerebral cortex, in the cerebellar cortex and in the anterior horn cells of the spinal
cord. |
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Term
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Definition
_____ neurons are present in the cerebral cortex, sub cortical regions, as well as in the anterior
horn of the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
_____nerve cells are present in the posterior horn of the
spinal cord, Thalamus and in the sensory cortex of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
Nissl granules get disintegrate when there is injury to the
axon, and this is known as ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| buffer the external environment with respect to their chemical environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| ensheath the axons of the central nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| separate the central nervous system from the cerebro-spinal fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
In myelinated nerve fibers the velocity of impulse transmission is faster because the
process of depolarization occurs only at the nodes of Ranveir and therefore it appears
as if the impulses are jumping from one node to successive node. This type of impulse
transmission is known as what type of conduction |
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Term
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Definition
Based on the diameter and velocity of impulse transmission the nerve fibers are also
classified in to A, B and C types. And A is further divided in to A alpha, A beta A gamma
and A delta fibers. This classification is known as what type of classification? |
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Term
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Definition
Somatic motor,
proprioception |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
what fiber is Preganglionic
autonomic |
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Term
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Definition
| what dorsal root does pain and temperature |
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Term
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Definition
what type of fiber is Postganglionic
sympathetic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Name from Max to min. the relative susceptibility of the various fibers for anesthesia? |
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Term
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Definition
| Name from Max to min. the relative susceptibility of the various fibers for Pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Name from Max to min. the relative susceptibility of the various fibers for hypoxia |
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Term
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Definition
Properties of nerve fibers: Excitability is the most important property of a nerve fiber.
They are highly excitable when compared to any other tissues. They have the least ___ |
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Term
| 70 to 120 meters per second. |
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Definition
The maximum velocity of impulse transmission in a myelinated nerve fiber in
human being is about? |
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Term
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Definition
In a sensory nerve fiber, the
impulses are transmitted from the periphery towards the center known as |
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Term
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Definition
If the transmission is in the opposite direction that is from the center
towards the periphery in a sensory fiber it is known as |
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Term
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Definition
is potential change of variable amplitude and duration, which can’t get
conducted over long distance and time. |
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Term
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Definition
For every ___ Na+ that are pumped out back into the ECF, ___ K+ will be brought
back into ICF. |
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Term
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Definition
These two factors determine what 1. Difference in ion concentration across the membrane.
2. Difference in the membrane permeability for the ion. |
|
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Term
| monophasic action potential |
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Definition
To record _____ _____ ____, one of the recording electrodes should be in
ECF and the other in ICF. |
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Term
| Biphasic action potential |
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Definition
For ______ ______ ______ recording, both the recording
electrodes can be placed either in ECF or ICF. |
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Term
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Definition
Is physiological paralysis wherein the conduction of impulses in the
intact nerve fibers will be lost temporarily. It may be due to stretch / distortion
without any rupture. There is no physical damage to the nerve fibers and hence
there will not be any degenerative changes. The recovery will be complete in this
type of nerve injury. |
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Term
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Definition
Is intrathecal rupture of nerve fibers with an intact sheath.
Degenerative changes occur in the nerve fibers and recovery is from such injury
will be complete. |
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Term
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Definition
In this type there will be partial or complete damage to both the
sheath and nerve fibers. Following this type of an injury, only about 80% of the
functional recovery is observed. |
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Term
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Definition
The gap between the cut ends of the fiber should not be more than _____. If so
regeneration will not occur. To facilitate regeneration, if the gap is more, _______
is done to minimize the gap to facilitate regeneration. |
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Term
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Definition
Is the duration after an effective stimulus, when a 2nd
stimulus is applied, there will be no response for the 2nd stimulus. |
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Term
sole foot region or axon telodendria or terminal
boutons |
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Definition
As the
motor nerve approaches this junction, it loses the myelin sheath and the bare nerve
expands. This expansion is known as the |
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Term
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Definition
Pre-junctional blockers: Botulinum toxin (from Claustridium botulinum) prevents the
synthesis and release of ____ |
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Term
|
Definition
competitive inhibitor- They bind to the receptors
available on the post-junctional membrane. Hence these receptors will not be
available for ACh to bind when ACh gets liberated from the pre-junctional
regions. Because of this there will not be opening of ligand gated sodium
channels and hence no development of end plate potential. Consequently
muscle action potential can’t get developed. |
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Term
|
Definition
This also binds to the ACh
receptors present on the post-junctional membrane and brings about the
depolarization of the post-junctional membrane much like ACh. However, since
the metabolism of this substance can’t be brought about by choline esterase,
there will be a persistent end plate potential at the postjunctional membrane.
Because of this the postjunctional membrane can’t get stimulated again. |
|
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Term
Neostigmine, Physostigmine, Nerve gas (di isopropyl
fluro phosphate |
|
Definition
all these substances antagonize / inactivate the enzyme
choline esterase. Hence ACh can’t get metabolized. This will also bring about the
21
persistent depolarization of the post junctional membrane. And hence block the
transmission. |
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Term
|
Definition
It is an autoimmune disease.
• Antibodies are produced against the ACh receptors present on the postjunctional
membrane.
• So the receptors get destroyed.
• ACh liberated during neuromuscular transmission fails to find adequate number
of receptors for its action.
• The generation of end plate potential is minimized.
• This leads to no development of action potential in the muscle.
• Features are easy fatigability, weakness.
• If the condition is severe it can lead to respiratory paralysis and death. |
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Term
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Definition
supply the skeletal muscle fibers. They take their origin from the
anterior horn cells or the corresponding cranial nerve motor neurons. Any time the
motor fibers are damaged the muscle fibers under go paralysis. |
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Term
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Definition
an anterior horn cell or corresponding cranial nerve motor neuron with its
axon and the number of muscle fibers supplied by it |
|
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Term
| quantal summation or multi fiber summation. |
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Definition
Increasing the number of
motor units coming in to play can alter the tension developed in a muscle and this can
be done by increasing the strength of the stimulus. The type of summation, which is
produced this way, is known as |
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Term
|
Definition
is composed of actin proteins. In addition to this, in this band there will be
presence of troponin and tropomyosin proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
The ______ _____ namely the sarcolemmal membrane covers the
muscle fiber. This membrane shows dipping in at specific parts that is at the
junction of bands A & I. |
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Term
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Definition
The function of the _ _____ is to conduct the impulse through the muscle
fiber |
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Term
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Definition
store and release of
calcium ions during the process of contraction; expanded ends as
the lateral cisterns. They closely surround the myofibrils. These form the sarcoplasmic
reticulum. The expanded portion (terminal cistern) stores ionic calcium, which plays
important role in excitation contraction coupling of muscle |
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Term
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Definition
the length of the muscle fiber
decreases but the tension in the muscle fiber remains the same. |
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Term
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Definition
In this type of muscle the propagation of action potential is from cell to cell. That
is the whole of the muscle acts as a single unit (structural syncitium).
• It shows spontaneous development of action potential.
• Present in the walls of GI tract, uterus, urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
Each fiber is almost similar to the skeletal muscle fiber but there are no definite
cross striations.
• There is no cell to cell propagation of impulse just like what is seen in skeletal
muscle fiber.
• There is no spontaneous activity in the muscle fiber.
• Present in iris, and other examples are ciliaris muscle, erector pilorum muscle
etc. |
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