Term
| What is the definition of a capsule? |
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Definition
| An edible package made primarily from gelatin which is filled with medicines to produce a unit dose. |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of capsules that you can have? |
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Definition
1. Soft gelatin capsules
2. Hard gelatin capsules |
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Term
| A soft gelatin capsule is a |
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Definition
soft single body produced and filled in one operation
(sn: invented by a pharmacy student) |
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Term
| A hard gelatin capsule is a |
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Definition
2 piece shell (body/cap) that is produced empty and filled in separate operations
(sn: made by a pharmacist) |
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Term
| T/F: You can put powders in a hard gelatin and some liquids like water . |
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Definition
| False. You can in fact put powders, but the only liquids you can put in a hard gelatin capsule are those that are nonaqueous. So no water can be put in it. |
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Term
| How is the drug released from the gelatin capsule? |
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Definition
| At body temp, the gelatin dissolves. Followed by penetration of GI fluids then dispersal and dissolution of the contents |
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Term
| What are some advantages of Capsules? |
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Definition
1. Great versatility of contents ( it can hold solids, semisolids, liquids, tablets, other capsules)
1a. Can also have enteric coated granules (where it wont dissolve unless its at a higher pH than in the stomach)
2. Can protect or mask the ingredient in it (helps to reduce the drug degradation)
3. Patient Acceptance ( easy to swallow and tasteless) |
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Term
| What are some of the disadvantages of capsules? |
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Definition
1. Moisture can alter the capsule shell or drug by transfer btwn the shell, contents and atm
2. it is more susceptible to tampering than tablets (ex: tyenol poisoning)
3. Possible esophageal adhesions ( can stick to it if not drunken with water) |
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Term
| What are the 2 steps in production of the hard gelatin capsules? |
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Definition
1. production of the shell
2. capsules are filled with powders or granules |
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Term
| Gelatin is the major component of capsules. Gelatin is a protein derived from |
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Definition
collagen found in animal skin and bones
mostly from pig, cow and fish |
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Term
| What are 3 important properties of gelatin? |
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Definition
| 1. non-toxic 2. Solubility 3. forms a good film |
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Term
| What kind of derivatives provide alternative capsule shells for vegeterians? |
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Definition
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Term
| What % of water do you want in a capsule shell? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the % of water is too low in the shell then it will become __________, if it is too high then it will become too ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are colorants/opacifiers used in shells? |
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Definition
To help identify the capsule
and
protect or hide the content inside the capsule |
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Term
| An example of a colorant would be |
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Definition
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Term
| An example of an opacifier would be |
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Definition
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Term
| Capsules come in different sizes. If your capsule has a lower number on it, the size is ____________ |
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Definition
bigger
(inverse to one another) |
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Term
| Each capsule holds a certain volume, which can be used to calculate the fill weight. How do you calculate the fill weight? |
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Definition
Capsulef fill weight = tapped bulk density x capsule volume
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Term
| What capsule size do most patients use? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kinds of excipients can be used to fill capsules? |
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Definition
1. Diluents
2. Glidants
3. Lubricants
4. Disintegrants |
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Term
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Definition
Tablet or capsule excipient that acts as a filler to make up the bulk.
ex: lactose and starch |
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Term
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Definition
decrease the interparticulate friction thus improving particle flow.
ex: talc, or silicone dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
decrease particle to metal adhesion which aids in free flow
ex: Mg stearate, or dimethicone |
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Term
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Definition
their disintegration
ex: starch glycolate |
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Term
| T/F: You can interchangeably use excipients. |
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Definition
| False: excipients have different properites so changing them would lead to different bioavailability |
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Term
| The overall rate of drug dissolution from capsules is a function of which different rate processes: |
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Definition
1. Dissolution rate of the shell
2. Rate of penetration of GI fluids into the encapsulated mass
3. Rate of mass dispersion in GI fluids
4. Rate of dissolution of dispered drug particles |
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Term
| What are 2 main reasons why we lock and seal capsules? |
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Definition
1. To ensure they dont come apart during handling
2. To provide tamper resistance or tamper evidence |
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Term
| List some examples of locking/sealing |
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Definition
1. Dimples
2. Grooves
3. Spot Welding with heat
4. Fusion
5. Colored gelatin band around the outside (ex: Kapseals) |
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Term
| What are some advantages of soft gelatin capsules? |
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Definition
1. It is good alternative for liquid drugs that can dissolved/dispersed in liquids
2. Liquids allow a high precision and accuracy of capsule fill
3. Liquids can improve bioavailability (the drug is dissolved already)
4. Elegant appearance
5. Relatively tamperproof
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Term
| Some disadvantages of soft gelatin capsules? |
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Definition
1. Potential drug migration from vehicle into the shell
2. Not as versatile as hard gelatin capsules (limited mainly to liquids)
3. Limited number of firms with production equipment and expertise |
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Term
| How does the Rotary die process occur? |
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Definition
| Liquid gelatin is formed into 2 continous ribbons, which are brought together btwn 2 rotating dies. the liquid is injected between the ribbons precisely at the moment the dies form pockets. |
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Term
| Why do the soft gelatin capsule appear hard? |
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Definition
| Because of turgor pressure |
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Term
| What are the composition of the soft gelatin capsule? |
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Definition
1. Gelatin
2. Plasticizers
3. Colorants/opacifiers |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances added to achieve softness and flexibility. |
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Term
| The contents of soft gelatin capsules are usually what? |
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Definition
| Suspended or dissolved in a liquid |
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Term
| What 2 types of vehicles can you have with Soft gelatin capsules? |
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Definition
1. Water-immiscible oils (ex: soybean oil)
2. Water miscible liquids (ex: PEG, glycerin) |
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