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Donita's First Exam
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44
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/10/2009

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Term
Polydactyl
Definition
extra fingers or toes
Term
Archaea
Definition
extreme bacteria, non-pathogenic, Prokaryotic
Term
multifactorial
Definition
determined by more than 1 gene + environment
Term
Bacteria
Definition
Regular bacteria can cause disease or be beneficial. Prokaryotic
Term
Eukarya
Definition
Protista up to animalia. Eukayotes
Term
Nucleic Acids
Definition
DNA/RNA; stores and carries genetic material, makes proteins.
Term
Proteins
Definition
Amino Acids, Structural, Hormones, Muscle Contraction, Enzymes
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
Sugars(Glucose) and Starches; Quickest form of energy, contributes to cell structure
Term
Lipids
Definition
Fats and oils; long term energy; some hormones; membranes; insulation of the body, cushioning of the organs
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Contains Genetic material; center of cell; surrounded by nuclear envelope
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Maintains the shape of the cells
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
Boundary Between outside of cell and inside of cell.
Term
RER
Definition
(Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) Site of protein synthesis
Term
SER
Definition
(Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum) Site of Lipid Synthesis; Detox
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Protein synthesis
Term
Lysosome
Definition
Degrades Debris- Recycles Cell Parts
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
Dark Spot inside Nucleus; Makes Ribosome
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
Proteins and lipids are finished; packaged; shipped out of cell
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
POWERHOUSE of cell; site of energy production
Term
Prophase
Definition
Chromosomes unwind to chromatin; centrioles and spindle fibers
Term
Metaphase
Definition
Chromatids attach to spindles and align in the middle
Term
Anaphase
Definition
Membrane indents at center/ constricts down the middle, chromosomes pull to poles
Term
Telophase
Definition
Microtubules Divide Cell (Cytokinesis), New nuclear membrane and organelle forms, 2 new daughter cells
Term
Independent Assortment
Definition
random assortment of chromosomes during the production of gametes
Term
synapsis
Definition
Chromosomes line up close
Term
tetrad
Definition
These occur during Prophase I—4 sister chromatids
Term
Polar Body
Definition
Take up excess genetic material
Term
Cleavage
Definition
Cell division without growth
Term
Morula
Definition
Ball of 16-36 solid cells
Term
Blastula
Definition
(Blatocyst) Fluid-Filled Hollow Ball
Term
Gastrula
Definition
Primordial embryo that has 3 germ layers
Term
3 germ layers
Definition
1. Endoderm – Inner
2. Mesoderm – Middle
3. Ectoderm – outer
Term
Chorionic Villi
Definition
Carries Nutrients to Embryo and wastes away
Term
Umbilical Cord
Definition
Supplies nutrients to the placenta and oxygen to the fetus
Term
Allantois
Definition
Gives rise to umbilical blood vessels
Term
Amniotic Sac
Definition
Cushions embryo + provides proper internal environment
Term
Yolk Sac
Definition
Manufactures Blood cells and germ cells
Term
Placenta
Definition
Secretes hormones to maintain pregnancy and provides nutrients
Term
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Definition
hormone produced by the embryo to maintain uterine lining
Term
Ovulation
Definition
When mature egg is released from ovary and ready for fertilization
Term
Primitive Streak
Definition
Forms during the first stages of embryonic development
Term
Tertagen
Definition
chemical or environmental factor that can cause birth defects
Term
Thalidomide
Definition
Prevents Morning Sickness
Term
Alzheimer’s Disease
Definition
Progressive brain disease, kills brain cells, causes memory loss
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