Term
| functions of genetic material |
|
Definition
| store the information needed by the cell to make proteins. |
|
|
Term
| What experiments confirmed that dna is the genetic material? |
|
Definition
hershey and chase (blender) experiment conducted their experiments on the T2 phage, a virus whose structure had recently been shown by electron microscopy. The phage consists only of a protein shell containing its genetic material. The phage infects a bacterium by attaching to its outer membrane and injecting its genetic material, causing the bacterium's genetic machinery to produce more viruses, leaving its empty shell attached to the bacterium. Griffith Avery experiment DNA is the substance that causes bacterial transformation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the uptake, genomic incorporation, and expression of foreign genetic material (DNA).[1] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a right handed double helix, with about 10 nucleotide pairs per helical turn. Each spiral strand, composed of a sugar phosphate backbone and attached bases, is connected to a complementary strand by hydrogen bonding (non- covalent) between paired bases, adenine (A) with thymine (T) and guanine (G) with cytosine (C). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
very large molecule, made up of smaller units called nucleotides that are strung together in a row, making a DNA molecule thousands of times longer than it is wide. adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organic compounds that consist of three joined structures: a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group. The most common nucleotides can be divided into two groups (purines and pyrimidines) based on the structure of the nitrogenous base. The joined sugar is either ribose or deoxyribose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| state that DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine. This pattern is found in both strands of the DNA. They were discovered by Austrian chemist Erwin Chargaff. |
|
|
Term
| how are the various parts of dna arranged? |
|
Definition
| DNA is composed of many nucleic acids bound by covalent and hydrogen bond. The five carbon sugar(deoxyribose) attached to the phosphate group is joined to one another to form the sides of the DNA, forming a covalent bond of sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate etc. Also, one of 4 nitrogen bases of DNA are attached to the sugar, which is in turn attached to each other. The purines(double ringed base) which are A and G bond with the pyrimidines T and C respectively. The bonding between the two creates a hydrogen bond. Together with all these reactions, DNA is formed and looks like a twisted ladder, or a double helix. |
|
|
Term
| what part of dna stores genetic info? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of copying a double-stranded DNA molecule to form two double-stranded molecules.[1][2] The process of DNA replication is a fundamental process used by all living organisms as it is the basis for biological inheritance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes to the nucleotide sequence of the genetic material of an organism. Mutations can be caused by copying errors in the genetic material during cell division, by exposure to ultraviolet or ionizing radiation, chemical mutagens, or viruses, or can occur deliberately under cellular control during processes such as hypermutation. |
|
|
