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DNA Viruses II
Exam 3
34
Biology
Undergraduate 2
03/25/2014

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Term
Poxviridae
Definition
  • Class I
  • Enveloped
  • Causes dermatic pustules (pox)
  • smallpox, cowpox, molluscum contagiosum
Term
Subfamily Chordopoxvirinae
Definition
Pox viruses of vertebrates
Term
Genus Mollucipoxvirus
Definition
Molluscum contagiosum
Term
Genus Orthopoxvirus
Definition
cowpox/smallpox, vaccinia
Term
Smallpox History
Definition
  • NE Africa 10,000 years ago
  • Egyptian, Green Roman empires
  • Middle America: 1519: Cortez
  • North America: 1633: Plymouth, MA
  • Eradicated in 1979
Term
Smallpox Transmission
Definition
  • Humans are only host
  • Transmission by inhalation of respiratory droplets
Term
Smallpox Symptoms
Definition
  • Fever and malaise
  • Rash from head downwards:
    • macule, papule, vesicle, pustule (indented), scab or crust, scar
Term
Smallpox Treatment
Definition
  • Isolation
  • Post-exposure vaccine
  • No FDA approved drugs (some use Cidofovir)
  • Passive Ig
  • Supportive care
Term
Smallpox Prevention and Control
Definition
  • Dryvax
  • Live vaccina cirus (cowpox)
  • Stab skin multiple times with bifurcated needle
  • Reaction should occur
  • 95% effective
  • American vaccinations stopped in 1972
Term
Molluscum Contagiosum
Definition
  • Genus Molluscipoxvirus
  • Physical Contact transmission
  • Prevalent, 4 serotypes
  • children get it from sports or physical contact on face trunk and limbs (MCV 1) 
  • adults get it through sex (MCV2)
Term
Molluscum Contagiosum Treatment
Definition
  • Highly contagious but very minor
  • Lance, Retin-A, duct tape, cotton ball/vinegar, commercial wart remover, liquid nitrogen, pulsed dye laser, cantharidin, glutaraldehyde
Term
Molluscum Contagiosum Prevention and Control
Definition
  • Self resolving with time
  • avoid physical contact, pools
Term
Warts (Verruca)
Definition
  • Class I
  • Nonenveloped icosahedral
  • Two families infecting humans
    • Papillomaviridae (100+ Strains of HPV)
    • Polyomaviridae ( 4 strains; BK and JC)
Term
Wart Transmission & Symptoms
Definition
  • Direct, indirect, autoinnoculation transmission
  • Treatment same as molluscum contag. 
Term
What are the 5 main types of Wart Transmission?
Definition
  • common ( high-contact areas)
  • Filiform (eyelid, armpit, neck)
  • Genital
  • Flat (face, hand, wrist)
  • Plantar (foot)
Term
What strains of HPV have been implicated in cervical cancer
Definition
  • HPV-16
  • HPV-18
  • Potentially HPV-3, -6, -11
Term
Warts Treatment Prevention and Control
Definition
  • Same as Molluscum contg.
  • Condoms
  • Vaccine (Gardasil)
    • subunit vaccine (capsomers)
    • 3-doses, adolescent years
  • Papnicolauo (Pap) smear for cervical cancer detection in women
Term
Hepatitis
Definition
  • strict hepatitis must be caused by a viral infection
  • Liver inflammation
    • Hepatocytes destroyed
    • Infiltration and activity of immune system
    • liver swells-dysfunctional 
  •  Jaundice
    • Yellowing of skin, eyes
    • Bilirubin backs up in tissues
Term
Cirrhosis
Definition
non-viral hepatitis
Term
Hepatitis A
Definition

  • Picornaviridae, Class IV
  • Stranded RNA (positive sense)
Term
Hepatitis B
Definition
  • Hepadnaviridae, Class VII
  • Double stranded DNA that replicates through an RNA intermediate    
Term
Hepatitis C
Definition
  • Flaviviridae, Class IV
  • Single stranded RNA (positive sense)

Term

Hepatitis D ( δ agent)

Definition

  • Satellite nucleic acid, Class V
  • Single Stranded RNA (negative sense) naked rouge RNA 

Term
Hepatitis E
Definition

  • Caliciviridae, Class IV
  • Single Stranded RNA (positive sense)

Term
Hepatitides Transmission (A-E)
Definition
  • A- fecal oral; food, water
  • B- blood; sex; congenital (passed from mother to baby in uterus)
  • C- blood; congenital
  • D- With Hep B
  • E- fecal oral; food, water
Term
Hepatitides Symptoms
Definition
  • Liver inflammation
  • Fever
  • GI upset
  • Rash
  • Arthritis like symptoms
  • can masquerade as other things
Term
Hepatitides Treatment for A,D, E
Definition
  • None
  • Hep A (lots of fluids) 
  • If u get rid of Hep B you get rid of Hep D hence why there is no agent for Hep D. 
Term
Hepatitides Treatment B,C
Definition
  • B- IFN; entecavir, lamivudine
  • C- IFN; ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir
Term
IFN treatment
Definition
  • produced by leukocytes and fibroblasts
  • antiviral and anticancer
  • IFN in heptatides
    • pegylated
    • recombinant
  • Give IFN in pegylated form- mix IFN with a chemical (propylene glycol) which acts like a time release capsule
  • IFN is genetically engineered so its recombinant and slightly different than what is in the human body
Term
Prevention and Control for Hep A
Definition

Hep A

  • Havris, Vaqtar (inactivated, 2-dose)
Term
Prevention and Control for Hep B
Definition
  • Engerix, Recombivax, and H-B Vax II ( all Hepatitis B surface Antigen, 3-dose); heptavax (plasma, discontinued)
Term
Prevention and Control for Hep C and E
Definition
None
Term
Prevention and Control for Hep D
Definition
Use Hep B vaccine
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