DNA Shape

Double helix

DNA function

1. Store and transmit genetic information

2. Code for proteins

DNA Monomer

Nucleotide

DNA backbone

Sugar/Phosphate

Chargaff's Base-Pair Rules

Adenine - Thymine

Guanine - Cytosine

RNA shape

Single Strand

DNA Sugar

vs

RNA Sugar

DNA- Deoxyribose

RNA-Ribose

3 kinds of RNA

Messenger

Transfer

Risbosomal

Monomer of Protein

Amino Acid

Structure of a Nucleotide

RNA Bases

 A, G, C and 

Uracil

(no thymine)

What is the result of of Translation

Proteins are made

What is the result of Transcription

DNA passes it's information to mRNA

Purine

Adenine

Guanine

Pyridimines

Cytosine

Thymine

Steps of Replication

1. DNA is copied into mRNA

2. mRNA leaves nucleus

going to the Ribosome

Steps for DNA Replication

1. DNA unwinds and unzips

2. enzymes copy the base pairs one nucleotide at a time

Steps for Translation

1. tRNA brings Amino Acids to the Ribosome

2. codons are matched up to mRNA's instruction

3. tRNA attaches the AAs and leaves

4. a strand of AA=a protein

Mutation

Changes in DNA

Harmful Mutations

Genetic disorders

(ex: down syndrome, sickle cell, cancer)

Helpful Mutations

Body Hair (insulation)

longer eyelashes (dust blockers)

Central Dogma

DNA--->RNA--->Protein

Neutral Mutations

Most mutations are neutral

Gene Mutation

In Gametes (passed to offspring)

1. Point-one base pair changes

2. Frameshift-MAJOR MESS UP

changes everything from there on

Body Cell (Somatic) Mutation

1. Deletion- one letter

2. Duplication- extra copy

3. Inversion-read backward

4. Translocation-break that attaches elsewhere

5. Insertion-extra letter