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DNA Replication
The process in which DNA is replicated
15
Biology
12th Grade
11/16/2012

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Term
How does DNA copy itself?
Definition

1. Conservative Replication
-one origional piece and one brand new piece

ll

                                   ll      ll

2. Semi-Conserviative Replication

-each strand has a part from the parent strand

ll

                                 ll       ll

 

Term
Single Stranded Binding Proteins
Definition
-a protein the keeps separated strands of DNA apart
Term
DNA helicase
Definition
- the enzyme that unwinds double-helical DNA by disrupting the hydrogen bonds
Term
Replication Origin
Definition
-the location on which DNA replication begins
Term
DNA gyrase
Definition

- the bacterial enzyme the relieves the tnesion produced by the unwinding of DNA during replication

-ie: pulling string apart analogy

Term
Replication Fork
Definition

- the region where the enzymes replicating a DNA molecule are bound to untwisted.

-DNA helicase is untwisting the hydrogen bonds

 

Term
Replication Bubble
Definition
- the region where two replication forks are in close proximity with eachother, this creates a bubble
Term
Lagging Strand
Definition

- the new strand of DNA that is synthesized in short fragments, which are later joined together

-5' to 3' direction ALWAYS

Term
Leading Stand
Definition
- the new strand of DNA that is synthesized continously during DNA replication
Term
DNA Polymerse I
Definition

- an enzyme that removes RNA primers and replaces them with the approiate deoxyribonucleotides during DNA replication.

-once on leading stand, RNA primers were used to start it off

-many times on lagging stand because many RNA primers were used to create the new strand

Term
DNA Polymerse III
Definition

- the enzyme responsible for synthesizing complementary strands of DNA during DNA replication

-starts off leading strand

Term
DNA ligase
Definition

- the enzyme that joins DNA fragments together by catalyzing the formation of a bond between the 3' hydroxyl group and the 5' phosphate group on the sugar/phosphate backbones.

 

Term
Okazaki Fragments
Definition
- short fragments of DNA that are a result of the synthesis of the lagging stand during DNA replication
Term
RNA Primase
Definition
- the enzyme the makes RNA primers
Term
RNA Primers
Definition
- a sequence of 10-60 RNA bases that is annealed to a region of single standed DNA for the purpose of iniating DNA replication
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