Term
| Describe a DNA molecule's structure. |
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Definition
| A DNA molecule is made of individual nucleotides forming a double helix. These nucleotides are made of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogen base. Bases always bond with each other, cytosine with guanine and thymine with adenine. |
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Term
| What's the relationship between genes and DNA? |
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Definition
| The code found in DNA strands forms genes which tell your body what proteins to make. |
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Term
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Definition
| Replication is the copying of DNA. Hilacase "unzips" the DNA at the hydrogen bonds and DNA polymerase checks it for mistakes before the strand is copied. |
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Term
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Definition
| They're expressed through protein synthesis. During this process DNA is transcribed to mRNA that exits the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Ribosomes in the cytoplasm use the code to translate it into amino acids that form a protein. |
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Term
| What are some types of mutations? |
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Definition
| Point mutations and frame shifts |
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Term
| What are possible effects of mutations? |
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Definition
| Point mutations will only change one amino acid, which will change the protein, but not too severely. A frame shift, however, will change all of the amino acids following the mistake and completely change the protein. |
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Term
| What are the stages of the cell cycle and why is it important? |
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Definition
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
The cycle is important because it allows cells to reproduce. |
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Term
| What are some of the risk factors associated with it? |
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Definition
| Some of cancer's risk factors include smoking, overexposure to sunlight, drugs and alcohol, genetics, stress, chemical exposure, lack o exercise, unprotected sex, occupation, and a lack of check-ups. |
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