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| the fundamental and distinctive characteristics or qualities of someone or something, especially when regarded as unchangeable. |
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| a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. |
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| The main biological function of a nitrogenous base is to bond nucleic acids together. |
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| the process by which genetic material or a living organism gives rise to a copy of itself. |
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| There are two strands of DNA that are exposed once the double helix is opened. One strand is referred to as the leading strand, and the other strand is referred to as the lagging strand. |
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| The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome. |
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| a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other |
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| A purine derivative, it is paired with cytosine in double-stranded DNA. |
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| a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. |
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| a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. |
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| a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person. |
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| In molecular biology, DNA polymerases are enzymes that synthesize DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, |
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| Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, |
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| A transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length, that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins. |
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| the process by which genetic information represented by a sequence of DNA nucleotides is copied into newly synthesized molecules of RNA, with the DNA serving as a template. |
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| the process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during synthesis of a polypeptide or protein. |
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| a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group. |
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| a sulfur-containing amino acid that is a constituent of most proteins. It is an essential nutrient in the diet of vertebrates. |
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| a linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of (or the whole of) a protein molecule. |
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| a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of RNA. In DNA its place is taken by thymine. |
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