Term
| Initial work by Griffith and then McLead and McArty showed that DNA was responsible for |
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Definition
| the "code" within the genes |
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Term
DNA is comprised of repeating monomers/subunits called
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Definition
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Term
| Each nucleotide is made of 3 parts: |
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Definition
5 Carbon sugar ribose
Phosphorous group
1 of 4 possible Nitrogen bases
Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine |
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Term
| Which nitrogen base have "double ring"? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nitrogen base has "single ring" base? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it important A can't go with C? |
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Definition
| Three hydrogen bonds hold guanine to cytosine; two hydrogen bonds hold adenine to thymine. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of thymine will always be equal to the amount of adenine. As well Cytosine always equal with Guanine. |
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Term
| Who discovery the double helix shape of the DNA was key to holding the "code of life." |
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Definition
James Watson
Francis Crick
Rosline Frankin |
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Term
| Replication always proceeds by adding new bases to which of the ends? |
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Definition
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Term
| The sites A, P, and E progressively occupied amino acids being assembled into a chain of polypeptides. These sites are part of: |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of transferring a gene's instructions for making a protein to an RNA molecule |
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Definition
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Term
| During protein synthesis, the amino acid sequence is determined by the |
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Definition
| Genetic code in the DNA molecule |
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Term
| A DNA sequence is changed from TATAGAAAT to ATTAGAAAT. What type of mutation has occurred? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a mutation occurs in a somatic cell, how is it transmitted? |
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Definition
| To all descendants of that cell |
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Term
| What statement would be true if the strands that make up DNA are antiparallel? |
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Definition
| The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand. |
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Term
| Insertions or deletions are two kinds of mutations. Which statement is correct? |
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Definition
| They result in a change in the reading frame, creating new groups of three letter codons |
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Term
| DNA transcription takes place in the cell's? |
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Definition
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Term
| The sugars and phosphates in the "backbone" of a DNA strand are held together by ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by ________. |
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Definition
| Hydrogen bonds between bases on opposite DNA strands |
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Term
| Human chromosomes range in size dramatically, with the smallest (chomosome Y) being many times smaller than the largest (chromosome 1). What is responsible for determining the size of a chromosome? |
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Definition
| The lenght of the DNA molecule in it. |
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Term
| How can a cell, killed by heat in order to render it harmless, somehow still act to transform a second strain of bacterium from a noninfectious form into a disease carrier ex. pathogen? |
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Definition
| The second(noninfectious) strain of bacterium was changed into a disease carrier (i.e, pathogen) by something from the heat-killed cell. |
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Term
| To what does the phrase "ladder-like appearance" refer when considering the structure of DNA? |
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Definition
| The complementary base pairs as rungs and the sugar-phosphate backbone as the rails. |
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Term
| Would result from the actions of DNA polymerase during DNA replication? |
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Definition
| Two DNA polymerase molecules act to synthesize daughter DNA strands: one via a long continuous strand that moves in the same direction as the helicase, and a second polymerase synthesizes short segments of DNA that must be joined by ligase. |
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Term
| What is the name Watson and Crick gave to the physical structure of DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins used _________ to help discover the physical structure of DNA. |
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Definition
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Term
| As a DNA strand is duplicated, the newly created strand is called ______ to the original strand. |
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Definition
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Term
| Under normal circumstances, adenine will only be paired with ________ during DNA replication. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chromosomes are made of which of the following molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Griffith's experiments, heating the S_strain bacteria killed them, but did not completely destroy their __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| It is not the number ofdifferent nucleotides, but their _____________ that is important in the ability of DNA to code for all the variability of organisms. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process by which a parent cell that is going to divide synthesizes an exact copy of its DNA is known as_________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the approximate error rate for DNA polymerase? |
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Definition
| One error for every 10,000 bases added |
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Term
| Which of the following can be caused by ultraviolet radiation in sunlight? |
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Definition
| Adjacent thymines become linked together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cleaves hydrogen bonds that join the two strands of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Adds appropriate nucleotides to a newly forming DNA strand |
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