Term
| In this type of DM, the beta-islet cells DO NOT produce insulin |
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Definition
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Term
| fat used for metabolism causes a build-up of |
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Definition
ketones--> ketoacidosis
** mostly only found in type 1 |
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Term
| when more ketones are produced than can be cleared in the urine what results |
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Definition
| ketoacidosis (metabolic acidosis) |
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Term
| excess of glucose in the urine causes what sx of DM |
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Definition
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Term
| clinical definition of DM |
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Definition
1. random plasma glucose >200 + sx
2. overnight fasting BGL > 126 on at least 2 occassions |
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Term
immune-mediated antibodies against B-cells
follows infx or toxic exposure |
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Definition
DM1 type 1A
norther europeans |
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Term
| idiopathic type DM, w/o antibodies |
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Definition
DM1 type 1B
asian or africans |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| OGTT requires what for dx of DM2 |
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Definition
BGL > 200,
2 hrs after 75 g of oral glucose given |
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Term
| Non-obese pt w/ blunted early phase insulin release is seen in what type of DM2 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| diet, insulin, and oral hypoglycemic agents |
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Term
| what is not a factor in DM2 type 2A pts |
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Definition
| peripheral insulin resistance |
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Term
| insensitivity to endogenous insulin. starts as hyperplasia of B-cells with exaggerated insulin response --> B-cells that can't produce enough insulin |
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Definition
DM2 type 2B
pts w/ visceral abdominal obesity! |
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Term
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Definition
| > 40 yoa but trend is showing in younger age groups d/t childhood obesity increase |
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Term
| subgroup of NIDDM d/t autosomal dominate genetic expression; hyperglycemia d/t impaired insulin response of B-cells to glucose |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
type 3 (total 6 types)
accounts for 2/3 of all cases |
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Term
|
Definition
| diet, insulin, oral hypoglycemics |
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Term
| MELAS syndrome assoc w/ what type of DM |
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Definition
| DM w/ mutation on mitochondrial DNA |
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Term
| DM w/ Wolfram sx has what components |
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Definition
DIDMOAD:
diabetes insipidus
diabetes mellitus
optic atrophy
deafness |
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Term
| when is the OGTT test done? |
|
Definition
when the Fasting plasma glucose levels are < 126 but pt has other risk factors/sx
***NOT NEEDED IF FPG levels are > 126 on 2+ occasions! |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| impaired fastin glucose levels |
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Definition
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Term
| HbA1c should be done how often in diabetic pts |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
slight incr in LDL
**corrected w/ insulin** |
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Term
| dyslipidemia in DM 2 pts--> d/t insulin resistance |
|
Definition
incr in LDL, low HDL, and high TG
--> incr in atherosclerosis!!! |
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Term
|
Definition
insulin replacement w/ FPG levels of 90-130
1 hr postprandial 150
A1c w/i 1% upper normal limit |
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Term
|
Definition
weight reduction and oral hypoglycemics
METFORMIN 1st! --> add glitazone/sulfonylurea if needed |
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Term
| initial tx of DM 2 non-obese |
|
Definition
diet tx and oral hypoglycemics
SULFONYLUREA 1st!!!--> add metformin/glitazone if needed |
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Term
| sx of hypoglycemia may be blunted in pts on what meds |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
glucose tabs, and glucagon
(orange juice works!) |
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Term
| which type of DM has higher incidence of ESRD and retinopathy |
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Definition
| type 1 d/t longer duration |
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Term
| which type of DM has > macrovascular dz and incr risk of MI |
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Definition
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Term
| initial manifestation of diabetic nephropathy |
|
Definition
proteinuria
--> incr levels of creatinine and urea |
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|
Term
| when should you stop ACE-I in diabetic pts |
|
Definition
with hyperkalemia, or incr serum CR!
needs kidney transplant! |
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Term
| how often should an eye exam be performed on DM pt |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how often should a foot exam be performed on a DM pt |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what meds are CI in pts w/ ischemic foot ulcers |
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Definition
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Term
| most common CHRONIC complication of DM |
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Definition
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|
Term
| most common type of peripheral neuropathy |
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Definition
| distal symmetrical polyneuropathy |
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|
Term
| stocking glove pattern, bilateral and symmetrical, more in LE--> long term leads to silent fx or charcot's joint |
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Definition
| distal symmetrical polyneuropathy |
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|
Term
| vascular ischemia or trauma w/ sudden onset in 1 or more nn. usually motor and resolves in 6-12 wks |
|
Definition
| isolated peripheral neuropathy |
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|
Term
| hypersensitivity to touch. often at night |
|
Definition
| painful diabetic neuropathy |
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|
Term
| how is painful diabetic neuropathy tx |
|
Definition
amitriptyline --> better in 72 hrs
also gabapentin and capsaician cream |
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Term
| gastroparesis, urinary retention, constipation/diarrhea, decr CV response to valsalva maneuver |
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Definition
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Term
| what may be the first manifestation of DM type 1 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| intermediate acting insulin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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