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| This Christian program renames traditional yoga poses with such titles as “Prodigal Son, “Noah’s Arch, “Lazarus,” and “Holy Rollers,” and promises consumers that they can have both a yoga-filled body and a Christ-filled soul. |
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| Religiously skeptical physicist who catalyzed the prayer-gauge controversy of 1872 by challenging Christians to test whether hospitalized patients who received prayer fared better than those who did not. |
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| Transcendental Meditation |
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| Popularized by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, a 1979 federal appeals courts ruled that teaching this practice in public schools amounts to establishment of religion. |
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| Christian dietary regimen, based on the Kelley and Gerson regimens as well as the biblical book of Genesis, developed by the Rev. George M. Malkmus after he was diagnosed with colon cancer in 1976 |
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| Former yoga instructor Laurette Willis founded this program as a Christian alternative to yoga, including Christian yoga, arguing that the program does redemptive work by conveying yoga’s physical benefits without its Hindu or New Age spirituality. |
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| Developed in the 1960s by psychologists to emulate the ability of advanced yogis to control involuntary bodily functions, this practice applies modern medical devices, such as EEG, to provide patients with immediate feedback on progress in achieving relaxed mental states and changing physiological functioning. |
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| This Harvard Medical School researcher coined the term “relaxation response” to account for prayer’s positive effects, and later published a widely-cited study that found no benefits for prayer by intercessors from the Unity School of Christianity. |
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| Goal of Self-realization, Bliss, nirvana, or oneness with the universe pursued through practices such as yoga and meditation. |
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| Reiki empowerment initiations in which teachers transfer energy to students using sacred symbols |
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| In 1988, this cardiologist published in the Southern Medical Journal results from a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled study that found positive therapeutic effects from distant intercessory prayer “to the Judeo-Christian God.” |
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| Section of the first amendment to the U.S. Constitution that restricts government support of religion. |
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| Requires of laws disbursing government funds that 1) the purpose must be secular, 2) the primary effect must neither advance nor inhibit religion, and 3) the law must not result in an “excessive entanglement” of government with religion. |
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| Practices grouped under this label may be rejected by evangelical Christians as spiritually illegitimate occultism, and by medical professionals as unscientific. |
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| Popular understandings of this field of scientific inquiry lend plausibility to claims that energy and matter are equivalent and energy healing is cutting-edge science. |
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| Distant Intercessory Prayer |
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| Prayer practice often studied by researchers who identify first names and conditions of patients and instruct that prayers be offered for recovery. |
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| In employing intercessors whose concept of prayer differs substantially from how many Christian pray, Benson’s study failed to isolate the type of Christian prayer that is most often claimed to be effective, thereby weakening the study’s ____ ______). |
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| Mind/body/spirit worldview that resists scientific reductionism. |
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| General term for practices such as shiatsu massage, Therapeutic Touch, and Reiki that wield subtle forces for therapeutic purposes and are increasingly gaining entrance into conventional healthcare systems. |
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| Concept popular among conventional healthcare professionals since the 1990s that emphasizes the importance of empirically demonstrating that therapeutic interventions produce effects, and that correspondingly deemphasizes explanations of mechanisms, thereby opening room for CAM practices that can be shown to produce effects regardless of theories |
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| Indian born in Kenya and now an international healing evangelist who published photographs and medical records to support his claims of the healing of blindness and resurrection of the dead in his evangelistic conferences. |
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| Study design that does not require a control group, which assesses the condition of subjects before and after an intervention to determine whether any effect is found. |
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| Studying prayer practices in natural religious or spiritual settings, as opposed to hospitals or clinics, can help researches to ensure that they are studying a phenomenon as it naturally occurs, thereby strengthening the study’s ____ ______). |
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| Six names for universal life-force energy |
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| vital energy, vital force, qi, ki, prana, Innate Intelligence, The Force (any 6 of 7) |
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| Canadian healing evangelist whose reports of healing were investigated by the skeptical Vancouver General Ministerial Association in 1923. |
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| Missionary to Mozambique, and co-founder of Iris Ministries, reputed among pentecostals to be particularly “anointed” to pray for healing of the deaf and the blind. |
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| Canadian healing evangelist who rose to international prominence as healing claims were publicized during the Lakeland Outpouring of 2008—only to fall from public favor after he failed to produce promised medical documentation, divorced his wife, and married a ministry intern and nanny for his children. |
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| Vineyard pastor who catalyzed the Toronto Blessing and founded the Apostolic Network of Global Awakening to spread pentecostal healing practices globally |
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| This psychological concept explains how scientific support for nutritional supplements can imply the efficacy of other therapies also labeled as CAM that do not themselves have scientific backing. |
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| proximal intercessory prayer (PIP) |
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| Prayer practice often used in real-life contexts in which a person or group gets up-close to a person needing healing, touches the person, and empathizes with sufferings |
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| According to this psychological principle, people tend to sample multiple approaches to addressing a problem, roughly in proportion to perceived reward, even if already convinced that one approach is more effective than the others. |
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| According to this economic theory of human behavior, people make reasoned selections among market alternatives. |
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| Improvements that occur for psychosomatic reasons because subjects believe they are receiving a therapeutic intervention, regardless of whether that intervention has any intrinsic therapeutic value. |
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| National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) |
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| Formerly the Office of Alternative Medicine, this Congressionally established body uses federal funds to support CAM research. |
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| Supreme court decision that forbade the American Medical Association from discriminating against chiropractors or other “unscientific” practitioners. |
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| Law (including year) that removed immigration restrictions based on national origins, leading, for instance, to a dramatic increase in immigration from Asia, and to the multiplication of religious healing options in America. |
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| Hindu goddess represented as a female serpent who lies dormant, coiled at the base of the spine, aroused by yoga practice to uncoil, travel up the spine, opening up chakras along the way, to unite with Shiva, and bring the practitioner closer to spiritual Bliss. |
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| This influential early Pentecostal argued that Jesus had used “scientific” methods to heal the sick, compared prayer to a dynamo that attracted the Holy Spirit, and conducted experiments in which he used microscopes and x-rays to attempt to demonstrate the effects of prayer on patients. |
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| This systematic meta-analysis by Leanne Roberts on “Intercessory Prayer for the Alleviation of Ill Health” concluded that the studies reviewed had failed to show an effect of intercessory prayer, but also that the limitations in trial design and reporting had been significant enough to hide any real beneficial effect. |
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| Many people seek to live in accord with this universal law of being, known also as The Way. |
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| A special kind of word, often repeated in meditation, believed to have power to create spiritual transformation. |
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| requirements is that patients have in the past been treated unethically, or even lost their lives, because credentialed medical professionals and government employees administered or deprived patients of therapies without informed consent, The courts have applied informed consent requirements not only to research studies but also to clinical care of patients. |
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| suggest that practitioners should be clearest in communicating their spiritual viewpoints not to those patients who already feel pulled toward vitalistic philosophies, but to those patients who might reject many CAM options if they better understood their religious and spiritual frameworks, imply that people may choose any or some combination of religious and spiritual beliefs and practices, or reject them all. |
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| require that consumers understand not only medical risks and benefits of healthcare options, but also factors bearing on long-term goals, values, and religious commitments. imply that people may choose any or some combination of religious and spiritual beliefs and practices, or reject them all. |
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is a branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world,[1] although the term is not easily defined.[2] Traditionally, metaphysics attempts to answer two basic questions in the broadest possible terms:
What is there, what is it |
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| combining the best of old and new therapies. combination of practices and methods of alternative medicine with conventional medicine |
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| Physician- patient relationship |
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| which causes patients to trust information given by their healthcare providers, heightens the responsibility of providers to assist patients in gaining a “substantial understanding of what is at stake in the consent decision. |
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| separation of church and state, at face value the First Amendment more expansively precludes government support or prohibition of “religion.” McCollum v. Board of Education (1948) that religious instruction by representatives of the Catholic, Protestant, and Jewish faiths in Illinois public schools violated the establishment clause. In the landmark Engel v.Vitale (1962), the Court ruled that even denominationally neutral, voluntary school prayer violates the establishment clause because the “power, prestige, and financial support of government” exerts an “indirect coercive pressure |
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| This “energy” is variously termed qi (pronounced chee), ki, prana, animal magnetism, vital force, biofields, or Innate Intelligence—concepts that may sound familiar to those introduced to The Force by Star Wars. Blockages or imbalances in the flow of vital energy from the universe through the human body presumably cause disease, often written as dis-ease, or lack of ease. |
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| used to describe a subtle force or substance thought to exist within and behind the physiological processes of the human body and everything else in the world, elements of qi: Fire, Earth, Metal, Water, and Wood. Qigong |
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| used to describe a subtle force or substance thought to exist within and behind the physiological processes of the human body and everything else in the world, elements of qi: Fire, Earth, Metal, Water, and Wood. Qigong , organized according to eight principles, or opposing and interdependent aspects, that must be kept in balance: cold-heat, interior-exterior, excess-deficiency, and yin-yang |
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| Prana envisioned as an external manifestation of universal spirit, Atman, Pranayama helps individuals to connect with the dharma, an immutable, unbreakable law that both supports and transcends the world |
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| The New Theology” of healing or the “religion of chiropractic,” to quote Palmer, stood on a “religious plank” termed “Innate Intelligence,” or simply “Innate.” Palmer explained: “That which I named innate (born with) is a segment of that Intelligence which fills the universe,” a “part of the Creator.” Innate is synonymous with “the Greek’s Theos, the Christian’s God, the Hebrew Helohim, the Mahometan’s Allah, Hahneman’s [sic] Vital Force, |
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| concept of an ultimate or an alleged immaterial reality;[1] an inner path enabling a person to discover the essence of his/her being; or the "deepest values and meanings by which people live."[2] Spiritual practices, including meditation, prayer and contemplation |
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| is a collection of belief systems, cultural systems, and worldviews that relate humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values |
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| implies that God created resources for human benefit and intends for people to use them. trumps concerns about non-Christian origins, efficacy indicates the capacity for beneficial change (or therapeutic effect) of a given intervention (e.g. a drug, medical device, surgical procedure, or a public health intervention). If efficacy is established, an intervention is likely to be at least as good as other available interventions, to which it will have been compared. |
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| Evangelical Christians typically determine the legitimacy of a practice by using two litmus tests of evaluating its “roots” and “fruits.” In so doing, they allude to Jesus’s teachings that “I am the vine; you are the branches. If a man remains in me and I in him, he will bear much fruit,” and “every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit. . . . Thus, by their fruit you will recognize them.” In appraising any practice, evangelicals first ask: Are the roots good? Historical origins seem important on the premise that there is an organic connection between progenitors and progeny. Evangelicals ask of CAM whether the roots are religious. |
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| improved during the second half of the nineteenth century. The formation of the American Medical Association (AMA) in 1847 represented an attempt by regular physicians to obligate patients to obey their authority, medicine used today |
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| Vitalism is the belief that living beings depend on the action of a special energy or force . . . The vital force is non-material . . . It is the guiding force . . . different from all the other forces recognized by physics and chemistry.” Dr. Matthews (pseudonym), a licensed naturopathic physician who has been practicing for twenty-five years, describes his goal as strengthening the “vital force” within each patient. Matthews defines vital force as something “spiritual,” which admittedly cannot be “quantified” except by its presumed effects on the body’s “structure/anatomy,” “function/physiology,” and “behavior/psychology |
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| ideas permeate American culture. It has become commonplace to speak of health for body, mind, and spirit—indeed, so commonplace that one may not notice the significance of the last term in this trinity, “spirit.” movement of the 1970s. Holism presupposes that all reality is essentially one, and matter and energy, physical and nonphysical entities, creative forces and creation, exist in a continuum and constantly affect each other. interest in consumer choice and renewed concern for “natural” remedies. |
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| is a Protestant Christian movement that began in the 17th century and became an organized movement with the emergence around 1730 of the Methodists in England and the Pietists among Lutherans in Germany and Scandinavia. The movement became even more significant in the United States during the series of Great Awakenings of the 18th and 19th centuries, where it drew far more members than in Europe. It continues to draw adherents globally in the 21st century, especially in the developing world. |
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| affective strategies to change one’s awareness and cultivate a peaceful, loving attitude.” One of the most popular of these strategies is meditation, teaches that the substance of all existence is emptiness . . . There is no self. |
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developed out of diffuse religious roots in the Indus Valley of the northwestern Indian subcontinent several thousand years ago. In the Brahmanical tradition, the all-pervading divine existence or reality behind everything in the universe is described as Brahman, another aspect of which is Atman, or universal spirit. adopted yoga techniques,
adopted yoga techniques |
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| predicted that the rise of science would bring down the religious healing, but this is not true |
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| shows the actual fright and fear of disease fueling the growth of religious healing |
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| skeptical physicists, who challenged Christians to compare the outcomes of those who did and did not receive prayer, Prayer Gauge Controversy, Christians denied |
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| created nonoverlapping magisteria (NOMA), science and religion do not overlap and should not |
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| science cannot prove that prayer works, but empirical studies can give valuable information |
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| the preacher at the Toronto blessing, 1994, activated the global awaking which was to spread the blessing and healings, said he was miraculously healed after a car incident at the age 18 |
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| Mozambique, planted 8000 churches in Muslim places, Irish Ministries, preaches healings of the dead, invites the death and blind to front of stage and heals on the spot |
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| “positive therapeutic effects of intercessory prayer in a coronary care unit” plubished for the Southern Medical Journal in 1988 |
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| are healing claims documented, provides a check on whether on has been healed, cant provide validity that prayer was the reason for improvement, show which claims are less credible |
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| worked in Kenya, provided a story that prayer brought a dead boy back alive, followed up later and boy was still good, evangelist, story of a blind woman was then able to see with PIP |
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| cannot confirm the accuracy of healings, can give a general idea or percentage |
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| STEP, tested hearing thresholds with PIP, |
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| south African man who was beaten to death and put in a morgue, was resurrected and was healed by “forgive them” , went to the jail and let the guys go |
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