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Diversity of Plants and Fungi
for BIOL 1006 virginia tech lipscomb
84
Biology
Undergraduate 1
03/18/2009

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Term
Sporophytes produce spores by
Definition
meiosis
Term
Gametophytes produce egg and sperm cells by
Definition
mitosis
Term
The sporophyte generation is (diploid or haploid)
Definition
diploid
Term
The gametophyte generation is (diploid or haploid)
Definition
haploid
Term
Have no water and nutrient support structures
Definition
byrophytes (nonvascular plants)
Term
Include hornworts, liverworts, mosses
Definition
byrophytes
Term
Vascular plants which do not produce seeds
Definition
ferns
Term
Wind-dispersed pollen carries sperm to stationary egg cone
Definition
conifers
Term
multicellular haploid stage in the life cycle of plants
Definition
gametophyte
Term
a flowering vascular plant
Definition
angiosperm
Term
nonflowering seed plant such as a conifer, cycad, or ginko
Definition
gymnosperm
Term
pores in the leaves & stems of plants that allow gas exchange but close when water is scarce, reducing amount of water loss due to evaporation
Definition
stomata
Term
hard material embedded in the cell walls of vascular plants.
Definition
lignin
Term
Multicellular, dependent embryos distinguish plants from
Definition
protists
Term
Plants' early adaptations to life on land (3)
Definition
roots or rootlike structures, cuticle, stomata
Term
Plants' later adaptations to life on land (2)
Definition
conducting vessels, lignin
Term
Consists of cork cells; cork and cork cambium
Definition
periderm
Term
Tissue system that is thin-walled, alive at maturity and carry out most of the plants metabolic activities including photosynthesis, secretion of hormones, support and storage
Definition
parenchyma
Term
Tissue system with unevenly thick walls, alive at maturity. Important source of support, i.e. strings in celery stalks.
Definition
Collenchyma
Term
Tissue with thick, hard cell walls, lignin, and dead at maturity. Support and strengthen plant with "stone cells"
Definition
sclerenchyma
Term
Transports specifically water and minerals
Definition
xylem
Term
Transports sugars and amino acids dissolved in water
Definition
phloem
Term
Not technically a wood; has high amount of fibers with lots of lignin
Definition
bamboo
Term
central root with small branches
Definition
taproot
Term
If a strip of bark is removed from all around a tree trunk, what part of the plant would die first and why?
Definition
Roots - they would no longer be able to receive carbohydrates from the leaves, as the phloem would be destroyed.
Term
Process by which water enters root cells
Definition
osmosis
Term
Process by which roots absorb minerals. Requires energy.
Definition
active transport
Term
What is the driving force for water transport in the xylem?
Definition
transpiration from the leaves
Term
The entry of water into guard cells is regulated by the changes in the __________ content of the guard cells
Definition
potassium
Term
Pressure flow for sugar transport moves from source to
Definition
sink
Term
What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
Definition
genetically identical offspring
Term
During alternation of generations, zygotes are formed by
Definition
fertilization
Term
The function of a flower is to attract
Definition
pollinators
Term
Megaspores develop into the (male or female) gametophyte
Definition
female
Term
Microspores develop into the (male or female) gametophyte
Definition
male
Term
In sexual reproduction, which process (sporophyte or gametophyte) is dominant?
Definition
sporophyte
Term
A complete flower has
Definition
sepals, petals, stamen, carpel
Term
Undifferentiated, perform mitotic cell division, form differentiated cells for particular functions
Definition
meristematic cells
Term
Meristematic cells are located in
Definition
apical meristems in tips of shoots and roots
Term
Results from the division and differentiation of cells from apical meristems
Definition
primary growth
Term
Results from the division and differentiation of lateral meristems
Definition
secondary growth
Term
Tissue system which forms the outer covering of the plant body. After secondary growth, it becomes a multi-layered covering of cork.
Definition
dermal tissue system
Term
Tissue system in which cell types include parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. Makes up most of a young plant during primary growth.
Definition
ground tissue system
Term
Carry water, minerals, and photosynthetic products to and from leaf.
Definition
vascular bundles
Term
The part of a primary root or stem located between the epidermis and vascular cylinder.
Definition
cortex
Term
Innermost layer of small, close fitting cells of the cortex of the root that form the ring around the vascular cylinder.
Definition
endodermis
Term
Stomata regulate these three gases in and out of the leaf.
Definition
carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor
Term
Protective sheath surrounding the shoot in monocot seeds, allowing the shoot to push aside soil particles as it grows.
Definition
coleoptile
Term
leaflike structure in a seed that absorbs food molecules from endosperm and transfers them to growing embryo
Definition
cotyledon
Term
in flowering plants, the fusion of two sperm nuclei with two nuclei of the female gametophyte. One set produces the zygote, the other a triploid endosperm cell.
Definition
double fertilization
Term
A fruit develops from this part of the flower.
Definition
ovary
Term
Three requirements to break seed dormancy.
Definition
drying out period, exposure to prolonged cold, seed coat disruption
Term
Water absorption (during germination?)
Definition
imbition
Term
Does the flesh of an apple provide carbohydrates for the growing tree?
Definition
no.
Term
Hormone that regulates seed dormancy.
Definition
abscisic acid
Term
Hormone that regulates germination.
Definition
gibberellin
Term
Control direction of root and shoot growth
Definition
light and gravity
Term
Three benefits of coordinating flowering in plant populations
Definition
enhanced cross pollination, efficient pollinator attraction, adequate time for seeds to mature ensured
Term
A pigment in leaves that serves as a light-detecting system for plants.
Definition
phytochrome
Term
Hormone which induces fruit ripening.
Definition
ethylene
Term
A decline in these hormones and an increase in this one brings about senescence.
Definition
Decline in auxin and cytokinin; increase in ethylene
Term
Hormone that induces abscission.
Definition
Ethylene
Term
Male gametophyte in flowering plants
Definition
pollen grain
Term
Female gametophyte in a flowering plant.
Definition
egg cell
Term
Necessary for fertilization
Definition
pollination
Term
Hormone that promotes phototropism and gravitotropism in shoots and roots
Definition
auxin
Term
Hormone that promotes apical dominance.
Definition
auxins
Term
Hormone which retards senescence
Definition
auxins
Term
Hormone that promotes sprouting of lateral buds and cell division
Definition
cytokinins
Term
Promotes endosperm and embryo development
Definition
cytokinins
Term
Hormone which inhibits cell elongation.
Definition
ethylene
Term
Hormone responsible for the formation of hook in dicot seedlings.
Definition
ethylene
Term
Hormone that promotes elongation of stems and germination of seeds
Definition
gibberellins
Term
Group of plants with "naked seeds"
Definition
gymnosperms
Term
The largest group of these are the conifers
Definition
gymnosperms
Term
A algae/fungi composite organism which grows on rocks, tree trunks, and the ground
Definition
lichen
Term
A fungus-plant mutualism in which fungi receive carbohydrates from plant associates.
Definition
mycorrhizae
Term
Include the club fungi
Definition
basidiomycetes
Term
Include the sac fungi
Definition
Ascomycetes
Term
Have swimming spores
Definition
Chytrids
Term
Have swimming spores
Definition
Chytrids
Term
Produce a zygospore
Definition
zygomycetes
Term
Organisms which eat dead organic material
Definition
saprobes
Term
The only organism group which can decompose dead trees
Definition
fungi
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