Term
| Key Elements of NASW code of ethics |
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Definition
1. Sw's should understand culture and its function in human behavior/society. Reocognizing strengths that exist in all cultures.
2. SW's should have a knowledge base of their clients cultures.
3. SW's should seek education about social diversity and oppression with respect to: race, ethnicity, sexual orientation etc. |
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Term
| What evidence do we have that america is becoming more diverse? |
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Definition
nChanges in size of ethnic groups
nWomen’s roles
nFamily structure
nImmigration
nOpenness about sexuality
nReligious complexity
nThe “graying” of America
nPeople with disabilities |
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Term
| What are 3 of the core values of the social work profession with regard to diversity |
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Definition
nWe are more alike than we are different.
nThere is more intra-group variation than there is inter-group variation.
nCultural differences may be demonstrated by broad patterns characteristic of a group of people, but not necessarily demonstrated by individuals within that group. |
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Term
| difference between prejudice, discrimination, and institutional discrimination |
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Definition
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prejudice: negative feelings about a group of people based on stereotypes.
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discrimination: acting on prejudice feelings you hold about a group of people.
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institutional discrimination: discrimination within an institution.
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Term
| Cultural assimilation/cultural integration |
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Definition
- cultural assimilation is the melting pot idea. people change things about themselves to fit the majority.
- cultural integration is the tossed salad idea.
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Term
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Definition
| Cultural pluralism aka multiculturalism is a respect for all groups; they can retain their identity and still be part of the larger society. This is synonymous with the ideals of SW. |
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Term
- 19th amendment
- Brown v Board of ED
- Civil Rights Act
- Americans with Disabilities Act
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Definition
- 19th amendment is women's suffrage act
- B v B of ed is when they overturned the idea that separate is equal.
- Civil Rights act is when all people are now treated fairly
- Disabilities act is that disabled people will have concessions made for them based on their need.
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Term
| Political Correctness aka cultural competency |
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Definition
Political correctness means what is accepted by broader society. For exmaple we do not use derogatory names for other groups. We as social workers prefer to call this cultural competency. Sensitive terminology. |
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Term
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Definition
nHuman functioning influenced by transactions between people and their environments
nGoal of SW practice is influence those transactions so that people are able to flourish within their environments, fostering:
nPositive exchanges between person and environment (via adaptation & advocacy)
nPositive individual and group identity |
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Term
| Saleeby's Strengths Perspective |
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Definition
nAll environments and clients have resources and strengths; recognize those strengths.
nFocusing on strengths WITH the client fosters motivation and self-respect
nSocial worker is the collaborator who empowers clients to solve their own problems – based on THEIR perceptions and THEIR goals |
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Term
| Biases a SW must avoid to practice SW ethically |
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Definition
1.Relying on personal experience to assess the client
2.Relying on beliefs rather than empirical information
3.Attributing behaviors of an individual to those of a group (making generalizations based on one example)
4.Relying only on information that supports one’s beliefs |
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Term
| What forms the basis for assigning superiority to a particular group? |
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Definition
nAnd superiority is based on dominance (numbers, power, achievements, money)
also social stratification results |
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Term
| Homeostasis and how can culture affect it? |
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Definition
To achieve balance.
nthe demands of the environment (primary appraisal)
ntheir psychosocial capacities (secondary appraisal)
Culture governs determinants of behavior such as social norms. Expectations, resources, laws, mores, and folkways. Changes cause minor or major conflicts to balance. |
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Term
| Definition of Culture/cultural group |
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Definition
nAll the values, norms, knowledge, behavior patterns, and artifacts of a people
nA cultural group is usually identified by a common heritage, language, religion, origin, customs --- and its norms and values . . . |
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Term
| 3 types of cultural norms |
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Definition
nFolkways are norms that are very fluid so violations of folkways don’t arouse intense feelings or severe negative sanctions
nMores are norms that are derived from basic moral judgments and violations arouse intense feelings and negative sanctions
nLaws are norms that have been codified and supported by governmental bodies |
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Term
| Reactions when norms are violated |
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Definition
nSocial disapproval or derision
nDisruption of social relationships, employment, housing, education, etc.
nOutrage
nPhysical violence
nLegal actions (when norms have been made into law)
nOr, in certain cultures, mediation is used instead of legal action to address violations of norms |
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Term
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Definition
nAbstract ideas about what a society considers to be good, right, and desirable
nValues form the basis for norms, which in turn express values |
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Term
| Values of the dominant american culture |
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Definition
nFreedom, but . . .
nIndividuality, but . . .
nSelf-Interest, but . . .
nEquality, but . . .
nAchievement, but . . .
nHard work, but . . . .
Being charitable to others, |
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Term
| Ethnocentrism and its purpose in cultural groups |
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Definition
nEthnocentrism – believe that our norms and our culture is “right” and “best”
nEthnocentrism reinforces social stability and group solidarity, which has positive consequences for the preservation of society, though negative consequences for cooperation among diverse groups |
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Term
| Cultural relativism and its advantages in modern societies |
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Definition
nMore flexible than rigid
nPromotes intergroup cooperation and tolerance
nEach culture is unique and is derived from unique environmental factors
nValues of one culture shouldn’t be used to judge the values of another culture
nSo cultural relativism in modern societies make them more flexible and able to adapt to change |
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Term
| Subculture vs. counter-culture |
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Definition
nSubcultures have different lifestyles and norms that the majority culture
nBut countercultures are at odds with majority culture – consciously oppose them |
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Term
| Meritocracy- supports and challenges |
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Definition
Meritocracy is the idea that our success depends on our ability or achievement.
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Term
| What conditions determine what social class is assigned? |
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Definition
nBased on income, education, occupation
nPower – ability to influence others and to influence the forces that affect one’s life – mastery of self and environment
nOwners, managers
nWorkers, white collar, skilled, low-skilled
Occupation, industry, |
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Term
| 4 groups of social class recognized in this country and percentage of americans in them. |
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Definition
nWidely-recognized social stratification:
people who are wealthy (5%),
middle-class (50%),
working class (35%),
poor (15%)
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Term
| 4 myths about social class |
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Definition
1. US is a classless society-most movement is b/t working and poor class; huge diff in economic well-being.
2. We are a middle class nation-most of the money is held by the wealthy.
3. We are all getting richer- More money is being concentrated at the top, despite various economic policies to inhibit this
4. Everyone has an equal chance to succeed- Lack of resources early in life impacts later success in life
nThose at the top have more access to power -- and formal and informal opportunities |
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Term
| Why is education such an important part of social class? |
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Definition
Formal school is the way to a career not just a job.
nSchool system, methods of instruction, types of measurement, family support, social learning, nutrition, environmental stress, stimulation of learning in pre-school years, vocabulary of parents, time spent in front of the TV, attitude of teachers, cultural expectations, role models, teen pregnancy, health problems, mental health problems, substance abuse, confidence and comfort in academic settings, and hope for the future. |
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Term
| How is social identity formed? |
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Definition
Social identity (comparing your social group with other social groups) |
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Term
| How is social identity different from personal identity? |
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Definition
personal identity (seeing yourself as distinct from others) and social identity is comparing your social groups with other social groups. |
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Term
| 7 components of PIE (person in environment) |
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Definition
1.Demographics & Family Structure
2.Economic & Basic Needs
3.Education & Training
4.Judicial & Legal
5.Health, Safety, and Social Services
6.Voluntary Associations
7.Affectional Supports |
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Term
| What is the difference b/t adolescence and adolescents? |
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Definition
| adolescence is the time period in which you are an adolescent. |
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Term
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Definition
Life stage theory of development. Identity development is a lifelong process. Major tasks must be accomplished at each stage. Crisis is followed by committment in each stage.
nEgo identity: self-image in relation to larger social groups
nTakes place mainly in:
nStage 5: Integrity vs. Role Confusion
nStage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation |
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Term
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Definition
nIdentity is focused on occupation, politics, religion (ideology)
nWays in which adolescents might deal with identity development:
nIdentity Achievement – self-chosen
nForeclosures – parentally-chosen
nIdentity Diffusion – no set direction
nMoratoriums – identity crisis |
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Term
| How can a member of a diverse group vary in ethnic identity development from another person in the same group? |
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Definition
nVaries according to the group’s history, current status in society, individual experiences with prejudice, individual response to stereotypes and discrimination
nIncludes self-labeling, sense of belonging, positive evaluation of ethnic group, preference for group, ethnic interest and knowledge, involvement in group activities |
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Term
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Definition
Any characteristic that is obviously displayed.
ex: skin color |
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Term
| Preferred term- ethnicity or race? |
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Definition
nEthnicity is the preferred term rather than race, because of lack of scientific evidence for a biological, scientifically-defined entity |
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Term
Phinney's 4 stages of ethnic identity development
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Definition
1.Unexamined ethnic identity
2.Exploration of ethnicity
3.Ethnic internalization
4.Resolution of cultural differences |
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Term
| During what periods of life is the brain most malleable and vulnerable? |
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Definition
Brain structure and functioning is most malleable during childhood; thus, environmental factors can affect the brain itself not just behavior.
Infancy and early childhood are periods of maximum vulnerability to trauma. |
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Term
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Definition
| Malleable means changeable or plastic |
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Term
| What are some stresses and traumas in the ACE study associated with behavioral risk factors? |
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Definition
§Stresses during childhood (abuse, neglect, separation/divorce, substance abuse, mental illness, incarceration in family) was positively associated with:
§Risk factors, e.g. smoking, substance abuse, multiple sexual partners, obesity, sleep disorders, aggression |
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Term
| 5 psychological or physical impacts of early trauma |
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Definition
§Brain structure and function
§Hyperarousal
§Dissociation
§Mood disorders
§Poor impulse control and related behaviors
§Weakened organ systems and immune response
§PTSD §Higher risk of suicide |
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Term
| 2 primary types of neuroendocrine responses to stress |
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Definition
§Sympathetic/adrenal response: catecholamines (epinephrine, adrenalin) – higher heart rate and blood pressure
§Pituitary/adrenal response: corticosteroids (cortisol) – are stress-regulating hormones and reduce the above reactions |
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Term
| how does chronic stress affect health and mental health |
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Definition
§Exhaustion, burnout, mental decline, overexcitation and death of brain cells, which in term impair memory and learning
§Damage to cardiovascular, digestive, musculoskeletal, and immune systems
§Ability to accurately perceive and appropriately react to environmental stimuli |
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Term
| What does frontal cortex damage usually affect? |
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Definition
| rational thinking and cognitive control |
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Term
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Definition
§strategies for self-protection that prevents, avoids, ameliorates emotional distress
the mechanisms are the activities one does in order to cope. |
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Term
| Stress-diathesis model of illness |
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Definition
water and cup example
§Predisposition to a disorder (biological or sociocultural)
§PLUS
§Exposure to a stressor
§Whether illness develops depends on the individual’s RESILIENCE |
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Term
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Definition
lOppression is a result of the power of a dominant social group to:
lEnforce a particular worldview
lControl access to resources
lDefine what is acceptable and unacceptable difference in society
lAdminister negative sanctions
lRestrict choices |
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Term
- assimilation
- multiculturalism/pluralism
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Definition
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Term
| In what ways is sexual oppression of women or LGBT taught and reinforced? |
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Definition
- family values/teachings
- religious teachings
- beliefs and customs of majority (heterosexual construct)
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Term
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Definition
lRacism is the subordination of anyone because of skin color or other related physical characteristics |
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Term
| Different ways in which members of a subordinate group react to discrimination |
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Definition
lFeeling of powerlessness which affects sense of mastery and competence
lNegative effects on self-image and mental health
lCoping with submission
lAccepting group oppression |
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Term
| Does reaction to discrimination vary according to the severity, duration, systemic vs individual and covert/overt aspects of the discrimination? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
l(Judeo-Christian monotheism, Protestant work ethic, scientific rationality) |
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Term
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Definition
| Power should be held by men |
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Term
| principles and values embedded in the capitalist economic system |
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Definition
l(importance of profit, competition, individualism, unequal distribution of resources, classism, deservingness) |
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Term
| reasons why the expression of identity can vary within a particular diverse group |
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Definition
lLevel of assimilation
lLevel of interaction with other cultures
lFirst generation, second generation, etc.
lClass or career
lSelf-perception |
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Term
| 10 negative effects of stigmatization |
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Definition
1. anxiety, suspicion, insecurity
2. denial, concealment, "passing"
3. social withdrawal and passivity
4. clowning
5. slyness and cunning |
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Term
| 10 negative effects of stigmatization |
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Definition
6. identification with dominant group
7. blaming one's own group
8. redirecting prejudice towards other minorities
9. internalizing negative stereotypes
10. excessive striving for status |
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Term
| Goffman's "courtesy stigma" |
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Definition
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Term
| positive outcomes of stigmatization |
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Definition
lStronger ties to minority group
lSympathy/support for other minorities
lEnhanced striving and assertiveness
lChallenging the status quo to achieve social change |
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Term
| self-protective strategies that stigmatized groups utilize |
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Definition
lRecognizing prejudice as being a social construct and not because of their own “unworthiness”
lReframe own characteristics as positive
lRegarding yourself as “special” rather than “less than” |
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Term
| how can SW's help people who are experiencing discrimination and oppression? |
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Definition
lSupporting individuals to develop positive coping mechanisms
lEmpowering clients to address discrimination or lack of resources
lChallenge organizations to be more responsive to marginalized groups
lAdvocate for legislative or administrative change |
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