Term
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Definition
not officially drugs (pharmacologically inert) - Compounds which stay in the renale tubule, incr. osmotic P of glomerular filtration and so decr. water reabsorption
e.g. mannitol
-useful for forced diuresis, acute glaucoma / oedema |
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Term
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Definition
An osmotic diuresis - not officially a drug (pharmacologically inert)
-stays in the renale tubule, incr. osmotic P of glomerular filtration and so decr. water reabsorption
-useful for forced diuresis, acute glaucoma / oedema |
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Term
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
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Definition
diuretics which inhibit carbonic anhydrase, and so decr. the conversion of H20 + CO2 <--> H2CO3 which is a source of H+, needed for Na+/H+ exchange
i.e. dec. Na+ and so H2O reabsorption
e.g. dorzolamide, acetazolamide, methazolamide
-useful for glaucoma |
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Term
| Dorzolamide, Acetazolamide, Methazolamide |
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Definition
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - inhibit the conversion of H20 + CO2 <--> H2CO3 which is source of H+, needed for Na+/H+ exchange
i.e. dec. Na+ and so H2O reabsorption
-useful for glaucoma |
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Term
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Definition
Most potent diuretics - inhibits NaK2Cl co-transporter of asc. limb - causes 15-20% of filtered Na+ to be excreted and so torrential urine production
e.g. furosemide
-only for emergency situations, one-off tx |
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Term
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Definition
A loop diuretic - inhibits NaK2Cl co-transporter of asc. limb - causes 15-20% of filtered Na+ to be excreted and so torrential urine production
- very potent so only for emergency situations, one-off tx |
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Term
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Definition
Diuretics which inhibit Na+/Cl- co-transporter in DCT, and so incr. osmolarity of urine and decr. water reabsorption
-not as potent as loop diuretics so can be used as long-term therapy
e.g. hydrochlorothiazide/ bendroflumethiazide |
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Term
| Hydrochlorothiazide / bendroflumethiazide |
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Definition
Thiazide diuretics - inhibit Na+/Cl- co-transporter in DCT, and so incr. osmolarity of urine and decr. water reabsorption
-not as potent as loop diuretics so can be used as lont-term therapy |
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Term
| K+ balance / K+ sparing diuretics |
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Definition
-ENaC blockers e.g. Triamterene, Amiloride
-Aldosterone antagonists e.g. spironolactone
-ACE-inhibitors e.g. Benazepril |
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Term
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Definition
K+ balance / K+ sparing diuretics
-block ENaC channel (epithelial Na+ channel) in DCT and CT, so dec. Na+ resorption and dec. K+ secretion
e.g. Triamterene, Amiloride |
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Term
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Definition
K+ balance / K+ sparing diuretics - block aldosterone channels and so decr. no of ENaC and NaK+ATPases - decr. Na+ reabsorption and so decr. K+ secretion
-too weak to be a diuretic alone - used as an adjunct
e.g. Spironolactone |
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Term
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Definition
An aldosterone antagonist and so K+ balance / K+ sparing diuretics - block aldosterone channels and so decr. no of ENaC and NaK+ATPases - decr. Na+ reabsorption and so decr. K+ secretion
-too weak to be a diuretic alone - used as an adjunct |
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Term
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Definition
inhibit the production of angiotensin II from angiotensin I in the lungs and so decr. aldosterone and ADH release - dec. Na+ and H2O reabsorption and so decr. K+ secretion
e.g. Benazepril |
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Term
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Definition
| an ACE inhibitor - inhibit the production of angiotensin II from angiotensin I in the lungs and so decr. aldosterone and ADH release - dec. Na+ and H2O reabsorption and so decr. K+ secretion |
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