Term
What pathology fits the following associations?
Opacities seen on X-ray on both sides of the carina |
|
Definition
| bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (sarcoidosis) |
|
|
Term
What pathology fits the following associations?
Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, possibly death |
|
Definition
| Pellagra (niacin/B3 deficiency) |
|
|
Term
What pathology fits the following associations?
Greenish rings around the periphery of the iris |
|
Definition
Kayser-Fleischer rings
Copper deposits seen in Wilson's diseae |
|
|
Term
What pathology fits the following associations?
Hyperplagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocality |
|
Definition
| Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion) |
|
|
Term
What pathology fits the following associations?
Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What pathology fits the following associations?
Lower extremity purpura, arthralgias, renal disease |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What immunopathology matches the following statement:
Antimitochondrial antibodies |
|
Definition
| primary biliary cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
What immunopathology matches the following statement:
Antiplatelet antibodies |
|
Definition
| idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura |
|
|
Term
What immunopathology matches the following statement:
Newborn with chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, chronic Candidiasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What immunopathology matches the following statement:
Child with eczema, course facial features, cold abcesses |
|
Definition
| Job's syndrome (Hyper-IgE; Th cells fail to produce IFN-g) |
|
|
Term
What immunopathology matches the following statement:
Child with partial albinism, peripheral neuropathy, recurrent infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which alpha adrenergic antagonists are used for the tx of pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
| phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical use for Ipratropium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical use for atropine, homatropine, tropicamide |
|
Definition
| dilates pupil, cycloplegia |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical use for Benztropine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical use for Scopalamine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which order of elimination would you see a linear decrease in the plasma concentration of a substance when plotted against time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHich two bacteria are well known for being obligate intracellular bacteria?
Why can't these bacteria replicate extracellularly |
|
Definition
Chlamydia, Rickettsia
-cant make their own ATP |
|
|
Term
| Which bacteria are spore-forming? |
|
Definition
| Clostridium spp, Bacillus spp |
|
|
Term
| A physician is looking for risk factors for pancreatitis. He interviews 100 hospitalized patients with pancreatitis and 100 hospitalized patients without pancreatitis. What type of study is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A group of people that smoke and that do not smoke is followed over 20 years. Every 2 years,it is determined who develops cancer and who does not. What type of study is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A certain screening test has a 1% false negative rate. What is the sensitivity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The prevalence of varicella in population A is 2 times the prevalence in population B. The incidence is the same for A and B. What is assumed about the duration of the disease in population A versus B |
|
Definition
| Duration in population A is 2 times that of population B |
|
|
Term
| Define the mode in terms of statistical distribution |
|
Definition
| The value of greatest frequency (the number occurring most often) |
|
|
Term
| Define the mean in terms of statistical distribution |
|
Definition
| The average of all the numbers |
|
|
Term
| Define the median in terms of statistical distribution |
|
Definition
| Divides the frequency of distribution in half |
|
|
Term
| In what type of distribution does Mean=Median=Mode |
|
Definition
| Normal, Gaussian, Bell-shaped curve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Positive (asymmetry with tail to the right) |
|
|
Term
| What factors are considered when taking a newborns APGAR score? |
|
Definition
| Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of low birth weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What complications are associated with low birth weight? |
|
Definition
respiratory distress syndrome
infections
necrotizing enterocolitis
intraventricular hemorrhage
persistent fetal circulation |
|
|
Term
Based on the following milestones, how old is this child?
Jumps up, 6 cube tower, eats with spoon, 2-3 word sentences |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Based on the following milestones, how old is this child?
Regards face, responds to sound, not able to roll over yet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Based on the following milestones, how old is this child?
Stands with support, 1-3 words, stranger anxiety, drinks from a cup |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Based on the following milestones, how old is this child?
Rides tricycle, understandable sentences, plays board games |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ddx for sexual dysfunction? |
|
Definition
Drug side effect (esp B-blockers)
Disease (depression, diabetes)
Performance anxiety |
|
|
Term
| At what age can children stop using a booster seat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used to shorten stage 4 sleep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What controls extraoccular movements in REM sleep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the "key" to initiating sleep? |
|
Definition
| Serotonergic predominance from the raphe nucleus |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathway by which retinal information induces the release of melatonin? |
|
Definition
| presence of darkness causes release of NE from the suprachiasmatic nucleus-->stimulates the pineal gland to release melatonin |
|
|
Term
| Name the 3 penicillinase (b-lactamase) inhibitors that enhance the spectrum of penicillin drugs |
|
Definition
Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of penicillin drugs? |
|
Definition
| inhibit cell wall synthesis |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical uses for ampicillin and amoxicillin? Which one has greater oral bioavailability? |
|
Definition
HELPSS
Haemophilus influeza, E.coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella
Amoxicillin |
|
|
Term
| What beta-lactamase inhibitor is combined with amoxicillin to create Augmentin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What beta-lactamase inhibitor is combined with ticarcillin to create Timentin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What beta-lactamase inhibitor is combined with pipercillin to create Zosyn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHich penicillin would you give to treat syphilis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which penicillin would you give to treat UTI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which penicillin would you give to treat Pseudomonas |
|
Definition
| Ticarcillin, carbenicillin, pipercillin |
|
|
Term
| Which penicillin would you give to treat neonatal infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a disulifram-like reaction? |
|
Definition
Disulfiram inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, therefore alcohol can't be fully metabolized
-nausea, vomiting, flushing of skin, tachycardia, shortness of breath when combined with alcohol |
|
|
Term
| What drugs cause a disulfiram-like reaction |
|
Definition
| Certain cephalosporins, metronidazole, 1st gen sulfonylurias, procarbazine, disulfiram |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical uses for the 1st gen cephalosporins? |
|
Definition
| gram positive cocci, Proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical uses for 2nd gen cephalosporins? |
|
Definition
| gram positive cocci, Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria, Proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical uses for 3rd gen cephalosporins? |
|
Definition
| serious gram neg infections that are resistant to other treatments: Pseudomonas, Gonorrhea; also Strep. pneumo (but not other gram pos) |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical uses for 4th gen cephalosporins? |
|
Definition
| increased activity against pseudomonas and gram positive organisms |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA and clinical use for aztreonam? |
|
Definition
| Beta-lactam antibiotic (cell wall inhibitor) that is resistant to penicillinase; Only used for gram negative rods, especially in patients with penicillin allergies who cannot handle aminoglycosides (renal insufficiency); treats E.coli, Klebsiella, Psudomonas, Serratia |
|
|
Term
| How is aztreonam similar to aminoglycosides? How is it different? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is always administered with imipenem? |
|
Definition
| Cilastatin (inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase I), to decrease inactivation of drug in renal tubules |
|
|
Term
| Against what organisms are imipenem and meropenem effective? |
|
Definition
gram positive cocci, gram negative rods, anaerobes.
Wide spectum but significant side effects |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical use and side effects of vancomycin? |
|
Definition
Use: serious gram positive -MRSA, C.diff
SE: Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis, "red man syndrome" |
|
|
Term
| What is the triple drug therapy for H.pylori? |
|
Definition
PPI
Clarithromycin
amoxicillin or metronidizol |
|
|
Term
What gram - bacteria matches the description?
Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What gram - bacteria matches the description?
Osteomyelitis in a diabetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What gram - bacteria matches the description?
Child with pharyngitis drooling, Xray reveals thumb sign |
|
Definition
| Epiglottitis-->H. influenzae B |
|
|
Term
What gram - bacteria matches the description?
Sepsis, DIC, adrenal hemorrhage |
|
Definition
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome-->
N. meningitidis |
|
|
Term
What gram - bacteria matches the description?
Alcoholic with aspiration pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What gram - bacteria matches the description?
Child with a new puppy develops severe abdominal pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two enzymes do obligate anaerobes lack? |
|
Definition
| Catalase, superoxide dismutase |
|
|
Term
What gram - bacteria matches the description?
Burn wound infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What gram - bacteria matches the description?
Motile organism that causes UTI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What gram - bacteria matches the description?
Most common cayuse of travelers diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What gram - bacteria matches the description?
Life-threatening meningitis + purpura |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What gram - bacteria matches the description?
Common cause of both UTI and pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What gram - bacteria matches the description?
Corneal infections in contact lens wearers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What gram - bacteria matches the description?
Septic arthritis in young, sexually active patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 40 year old female presents with acute onset of unilateral knee pain and bilateral Bell's palsy. What organism is likely responsible, and how is it transmitted? |
|
Definition
| Lyme disease; Borrellia burgdorferi transmitted via bite of Ixodes tick |
|
|
Term
| What organisms most commonly cause UTI |
|
Definition
E.coli
Proteus
Klebsiella
Staph saprophyticus |
|
|
Term
| What drugs can cause Steven's Johnson's syndrome |
|
Definition
| Sulfa drugs, penicillin drugs, seizure drugs |
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