Term
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Definition
| Dividing larger quantities of goods into smaller lots in order to meet the needs of the buyers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Firms or individuals such as wholesalers, agents, brokers, or retailers who help move a product from the producer to the consumer or business user. |
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Term
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Definition
| A firm at one level of distribution that takes a leadership role, establishing operating norms and processes based on its power relative to other channel members. |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of distinct categories of intermediaries that populate a channel of distribution. |
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Term
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Definition
| The series of firms or individuals that facilitates the movement of a product from the producer to the final customer. |
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Term
| conventional marketing system |
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Definition
| A multiple-level distribution channel in which channel members work independently of one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Providing a variety of products in one location to meet the needs of the buyers. |
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Term
| disintermediation (of channel of distribution) |
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Definition
| The elimination of some layers of the channel of distribution in order to cut costs and improve the efficiency of the channel. |
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Term
enterprise resource planning
(ERP systems) |
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Definition
| A software system that integrates information from across the entire company, including finance, order fulfillment, manufacturing and transportation and then facilitates sharing of the data throughout the firm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Selling a product only through a single outlet in a particular region. |
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Term
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Definition
| Functions of channel intermediaries that make the purchase process easier for customers and manufacturers. |
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Term
| horizontal marketing system |
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Definition
| An arrangement within a channel of distribution in which two or more firms at the same channel level work together for a common purpose. |
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Term
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Definition
| A marketing system that uses a number of different channels and communications methods to serve as target market. |
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Term
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Definition
| A practice in which a company contracts with a specialist firm to handle all or part of its supply chain operations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Selling a product through all suitable wholesalers or retailers that are willing to stock and sell the product. |
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Term
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Definition
| Activities to ensure that goods are always available to meet customers’ demands. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inventory management and purchasing processes that manufacturers and resellers use to reduce inventory to very low levels and ensure that deliveries from suppliers arrive only when needed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A comprehensive approach to collecting, organizing, storing, and retrieving a firm’s information assets. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of designing, managing, and improving the movement of products through the supply chain. Logistics include purchasing manufacturing, storage, and transport. |
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Term
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Definition
| The moving of products into, within, and out of warehouses. |
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Term
| merchandise agents or brokers |
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Definition
| Channel intermediaries that provide services in exchange for commissions but never take title to the product. |
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Term
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Definition
| Intermediaries that buy goods from the manufacturers (take title to them) and sell to retailers and other business-to-business customers. |
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Term
| on-line distribution piracy |
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Definition
| The theft and unauthorized repurposing of intellectual property via the Internet. |
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Term
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Definition
| The series of activities that occurs between the time an order comes into the organization and the time a product goes out the door. |
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Term
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Definition
| The activities that move finished goods from manufacturers to final customers, including order processing, warehousing, materials handling, transportation, and inventory control. |
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Term
radio frequency identification
(RFID) |
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Definition
| Product tags with tiny chips containing information about the item’s content, origin, and destination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Distribution using fewer outlets than intensive distribution but more than exclusive distribution. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fee pain in exchange for agreeing to place a manufacturer’s products on a retailer’s valuable shelf space. |
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Term
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Definition
| All the activities necessary to turn raw materials into a good or service and put it in the hands of the consumer or business customer. |
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Term
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Definition
| The management of flows among firms in the supply chain to maximize total profitability. |
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Term
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Definition
| To accept legal ownership of a product and assume the accompanying rights and responsibilities of ownership. |
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Term
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Definition
| The mode by which products move among channel members. |
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Term
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Definition
| A series of activities involved in designing, producing, marketing, delivering, and supporting any product. Each link in the chain has the potential to either add or remove value from the product the customer eventually buys. |
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Term
vertical marketing system
(VMS) |
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Definition
| A channel of distribution in which there is formal cooperation among members at the manufacturing, wholesaling, and retailing levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Storing goods in anticipation of sale or transfer to another member of the channel of distribution. |
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Term
| wholesaling intermediaries |
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Definition
| Firms that handle the flow of products from the manufacturer to the retailer or business user. |
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