Personality Disorder

• Long term persuasive pattern of maladaptive behaviors
• These disorders underpin other more serious ones
• Subcategories are not very reliable and are overlapped

General Criteria of Personaily Disorders

• An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from cultural experiences in:

1. Cognition
2. Affect
3. Interpersonal functioning
4. Impulse Control

Epidemiology of all Disorders

• 13% lifetime prevalence  of all disorders combined
• 1% per disorder

Schizotypal Diagnostics

• Ideas of preference
• Odd thinking/Speech
• Odd Beliefs
• Lack of Close Friends
• Social Anxiety
• Strange Appearance

Schizotypal Causes

• Genetic Bases
• Environmental Bases

Narcissistic Diagnosis

• Self Importance
• Fantasies
• Believes they're special
• Require Admiration
• Often Envious
• Arrogant
• Lacks Empathy

Borderline Diagnostics

• Unstable sense to self
• Impulsivity
• Feelingness of Emptyness
• Paranoia
• Intense Anger

Obsessive Compulsive Diagnostics

• Follows Rules
• Devoted to Work
• Cannot discard worn out objects
• Perfectionism
• Stubborn

Obsessive Compulsive Causes

• Some Genetic Inheretance
• High Assertiveness
• Low on Compliance (Disagrees)

Avoidant Diagnostics

• Avoids Personal Contact
• Preoccupied with being critisized or rejected
• Feels unappealing
• Not Risk Taking

Psychopathy Diagnostics

• Lack of Empathy
• Arrogant
• Superficial Charm
• Predictor of Violent Behavior

Antisocial Diagnostics

• Failure to follow social norms
• Irresponsible
• Don't feel what others feel
• Disregard for the safety of others
• Lying
• Use of Aliases
• Violent
• No Guilt
• Cannot hold Relationships

Antisocial Causes

• Genetic x Environmental Influences
• Low Fear Hypothesis (Low fear/High Tolerance for Pain)   
• No guilt for breaking rules
• Low brain arousal in response to threat
• Increased likelyhood for ADHD
• Deviant Behavior
• Throughout course they become less violent and have more insight

Antisocial Treatment

• Feel no pressure to get better
• Usually no improvements
• No Treatment
• Prevention: Early years, teach parents how to discipline
• Help schools promote better behavior