Lymphoid stem cell         myloid stem cell

t & b cells                   precurson cell

natural killer (innate)               Mono/grano leukoctes

What are the 3 WBC and what do they do?

• Neutraphils- prim path control
• Esophiles- control allergic responce/ fight parasites
• Basophiles/mast- release heparin, histomine, and inflam mediators

• antigen-presenting cell
• phagocytes
• inflammatory mediators
• healing

• B-cells - Plasma/memory cells
• T cells- control immune responce, cell mediated immunity
• NKC- kill antigen cell

1. Leukopenia- decrease in all WBC
2. Neutropenia- (agranulocytosis)- neutrophils lag only still got lymphocytes and everything else
3. Aplastic anemia- all myeloid cells decreased... loose (granulocytes, arithrocytes and platlets.)

1. What causes mononucleosis?

2. What is used to diagnose this?

3. What is responsible for resonizing when B cells are affected and make this disease dormint?

4.How long does this disease last?

1. EDV in salive- affects b cells (kill or take over)
2. Heterophil antibodies(dianostic)
3. CD8 & NK- keep heterophil to min
4. 4-8 wks

Leukemia- WBC form in bone marrow, neoplasma that arise here = leukemia/ plasma cell dysplasia

Lymphoma- Move to lymphoid organs much more differientiated- arise in lymp tissue.

YOU WANT LYMPHOMA OVER LEUKEMIA= more differianted which = benign

1. Non- Hodgins- effect b&t cells, more aggressive responds better to treatment because of high growth rates.
2. Hodgins- Progressive invasion of lymphoid- characterised by Reed sternberg cells-(these look very different)

More malignant, unreg/ proliferated, lots of wbc in bone marrow....

Accures in result to Chemotherapy

1. Mylogenous(myeloid, gran,eryth, throm--cytes)
2. Lymphocytic(immatue)
3. Acute(severe all bone marrow)
4. Chronic(abnormal proliferation of well defined cells)

Name according to cells/type being affected

*LEUKEMIA AFFECTS BONE MARROW*

Explain these symptoms-

1. Bone pain/ risk of fracture?

2. Anemia?

3.Thromocytopenia?

4.immune supression?

5. Resulting problems?

1. bones exspanding
2. no RBC
3. no platelets
4. no WBS
5. sob/fatigue weakness

1. Relase inflam mediators- ( swelling fever malasie)
2. Infiltrated peripheral Lymphoid- ( swollen lymph)
3. increase blood viscosity-(clots)
4. create waste products- (kidney/liver affect)

Child with leukemia explain to mom why these things are happening to her child.

1. Fever night sweats
2. Pale, weak fatigue
3. Cervical lymp nodes are enlarged
4. Nose bleeds
5. after chemo, Hyperkalemia.

1. Increae WBC
2. No RBC
3. WBC proliferate
4. No platelets
5. Kills Potassium

1.What causes Multiple Myeloma?

2.What are the 2 types of Mulitple Myeloma?

1. Abnormal b-cells ( bcells make antibody and turn to mem cells normally)
2. Unregulated proliferation of M-protien (80%)

• Bence- Jone  Protien (20% cause kidney faliure along with multi mylomia.

• increase osteoclast- bone break down
• Hypercalcemia- d/t bown break down
• Infection- d/t decrease antibodies
• Plasma cell tumors(plasmacytomas)- GI system

What does Hemostasis do?

1.Normally?

2. Abnormally?

1. Stopp abnormal blood flow, seals broken blood vessels

2. Inappriate clotting/insufficient clotting

• Thrombopoietin stimulates production of megakaryocytes(formed in bone marrow) Platelets are formed live 8-9days(stored in spleen)

• Created by  liver and work together to form a clot.
• Calcium has to be around to clot

1. Von Willebrand factor
2. Factor viii
3. collagen
4. TXA2

1.What is the procces that breaks clot down?

2. What actually breaks the clot?

1. Tissue Plasminogen activators cause Plasminogen to turn to plasmin.
2.  Plasmin Breaks the clot down.

• Increase platelet function-
• Increase Clotting Activity-

Platelet Disorders are caused by?

3 ways to get this?

• Decreased platelet levels (thrombocytopenia)

1. Decreased production
2. Breaking down/ trapping
3. Platelets used up forming alot of clots

1. ITP- BREAK DOWN PLATELETS-most common, autoimmine, type 2 hypersenitivity,bruising/ bleeding, steriods treatment
2. TTP-USING PLATELETS UP- rare, wispread clotting, petechia, purpura,  plasmapheresis gives 80% recovery.

Why do people bleed?

• Aplastic Anemia-
• Spleenomagley
• Idiopathic Thrombocytic pura
• Liver Disease
• Vit-K
• Hemaphilia A

• No platelets
• Platelets cant get out
• Platelets destroyed by antibodies
• Liver makes clotting factor
• can't form clots
• No factor 8