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Diseases of the Skin and Eyes
Test 4
101
Microbiology
Undergraduate 3
04/28/2013

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Cards

Term
What does acne include?
Definition
All follicle associated lesions.
Term
What is the causative agent of acne?
Definition
Propionibacterium acnes
Term
How does P. Acnes manifest?
Definition
Digests the oil surplus resulting in local inflammation that can eventually burst the follicle.
Term
Is acne considered a communicable infection?
Definition
No
Term
What is a comedo?
Definition
Skin initially swells over pore leading out of the hair follicle. If the pore is closed its a whitehead. If its open but blocked with dark plug of sebum its a black head.
Term
What is a pustule/papule?
Definition
When lesion erupts on the surface
Term
What is a cyst?
Definition
Pustules that come to involve deeper layer of skin
Term
What is the causative agent of folliculitis, hidradentitis, furuncles, and carbuncles?
Definition
S. Aureus
Term
What is S. Aureus virulence factors?
Definition
1.)Capsule
2.)Enzymes (coagulase)
3.)Toxins
4.)mecA gene
Term
What does the enzyme Coagulase do for S. Aureus?
Definition
impedes progress of leukocytes into infected areas but producing clots.
Term
What toxins does S. Aureus produce?
Definition
Hemolysin- kills RBC
Enterotoxin - causes symptoms in GI tract
Term
What is the mecA gene?
Definition
Provides resistance to methicilin, penicilin, and other penicillin like drugs.
Term
What is folliculitis?
Definition
Inflammation of the hair follicle.
Term
What is hiradradentitis?
Definition
Inflammation of a gland
Term
What is a furuncle?
Definition
A boil. Infection extends from the follicle/gland into surrounding tissues.
Term
What is a carbuncle?
Definition
Larger, deeper lesion resulting from aggregating and interconnections of multiple furuncles.
Term
What causes impetigo?
Definition
Strep Pyrogenes or Staph Aureus
Term
What is impetigo?
Definition
Superficial bacterial infection
Term
What is S. Pyrogenes virulence factor?
Definition
Streptolysin - destroys RBC
Term
Is impetigo highly contagious?
Definition
Yes
Term
How is impetigo transmitted?
Definition
Direct contact but someimtes fomites
Term
Who does impetigo infect and what does it look like?
Definition
Children. Flaky scabs, honey colored crusts, peeling skin. Around mouth, face and extremities.
Term
What is Staphylococcal Impetigo?
Definition
Superficial skin infection characterized by weeping pus production (pyoderma)
Term
What are the symptoms of Strep impetigo?
Definition
Burning, itching lesions that break and weep highly contagious yellow crust
Term
What is a Pseudomonas aeurginosa infection a common cause of?
Definition
Infection in burn patients and bacterial nosocomial pneumonia.
Term
Is P. Aeurginosa opportunistic or true?
Definition
Opportunistic.
Term
What can P. Aeurginosa cause?
Definition
Endocarditis, meningitis, skin rashes, UTI's, external ear infections, corneal ulcers via contacts
Term
What is a characteristic of P. Aeurginosa infection?
Definition
Grape-like odor and bluish-colored pus
Term
What is the cause of Gas Gangrene?
Definition
Clostridium Perfringens
Term
How is Gas Gangrene contracted?
Definition
Bacteria/spores enter damaged tissues and release endotoxins that cause necrosis of the surrounding tissues.
Term
What results from the release of endotoxins?
Definition
Hydrogen and CO2 are produced via fermentation of amino acid and glycogen in the dead tissues.
Term
How is Gas Gangrene treated?
Definition
Removal of dead/infected tissue or amputation
Term
Is there a toxoid or vaccine for Gas Gangrene?
Definition
No
Term
What is used to slow bacterial growth in Gas Gangrene infections?
Definition
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment
Term
What is the causative agent in Necrotizing Fasciitis?
Definition
Strep Pyrogenes or Staph Aureus
Term
How is Necrotizing Fasciitis transmitted?
Definition
Contaminate skin wounds
Term
How does Necrotizing Fasciitis attack?
Definition
Release toxins resulting in destruction of fat and muscle that can spread via blood steam and result in organ failure or death.
Term
What is the causative agent of Chickenpox?
Definition
Varicella-Zoster Virus.
Term
Is Chickenpox a DNA or RNA virus?
Definition
DNA
Term
What are the symptoms of the chicken pox virus?
Definition
Rash with macules (small red spots), papules (little bumps), vesicles (small blisters), and pustules (pus-filled blisters)
Term
The pustules of a chickenpox infection eventually crust over and fall off. The rash radiates in sparse crops to the extremities. T or F?
Definition
T
Term
When can shingles occur?
Definition
Months or years after the primary chickenpox infection and is caused by the latent virus harbored in sensory neurons.
Term
What leads to pain and tenderness that can last for months with shingles?
Definition
Inflammation of portions of neurons
Term
Why are children are prone to secondary infections? What is the causative agent of these?
Definition
Because the chickenpox lesions are itchy. S. Pyrogenes and S. aureus
Term
What is measles caused by?
Definition
Rubeola virus
Term
How are the measles transmitted?
Definition
Direct contact with respiratory secretions. One of the most contagious diseases.
Term
What is the main characteristic of measles?
Definition
Small oral lesions called Koplik's Spots that ultimately causes a skin rash starting at the head and progressing to the trunk and extremities and disappearing in that order.
Term
What is a secondary infection of measles?
Definition
Ear infections and pneumonia
Term
Is measles self-limiting? How long can it last? What are complications of it?
Definition
Yes. 20-22 days from time of infection. Lung or brain damage.
Term
What causes Rubella?
Definition
Rubella virus.
Term
What are the 2 forms?
Definition
Postnatal - acquired after birth

Congenital - virus is obtained in utero
Term
What are the characteristic symptoms of Postnatal Rubella?
Definition
Spreading pink rash or joint pain
Term
About _____ of postnatal rubella infections are asymptomatic.
Definition
half
Term
Postnatal Rubella clears up in __-___ days leaving ________ immunity.
Definition
2-3. Lifelong
Term
If the Rubella virus is exposed to the fetus in the first trimester, what is the effect?
Definition
Always results in miscarraige or multiple permanent defects of the eyes, ears, brain and heart.
Term
Infants that survive exposure to the rubella virus in utero do what?
Definition
Excrete the disease for months.
Term
What is the causative agent of fifths disease?
Definition
parvovirus
Term
What is the characteristic symptom of fifths disease?
Definition
Begins as a reddish rash on the face (slap-cheek) then spreads over the body primarily on the arms, legs and trunk.
Term
How long can Fifths Disease last? Can it come back?
Definition
days to weeks and can recur at times of stress.
Term
What is the causative agent of Roseola?
Definition
HHV-6
Term
What are the symptoms of Roseola?
Definition
Results in a high fever which can be followed by rash but most cases proceed without the rash. Fever disappears on 4th day but rash can appear after.
Term
What virus is thought to have been exposed to every adult?
Definition
HHV-6
Term
What are papillomas caused by?
Definition
Warts. Caused by Human Papillomavirus.
Term
What is a papilloma?
Definition
Benign squamous cell, epithelial growths that may be covered by skin (wart) or mucus membrane (papilloma)
Term
What are the 3 types of warts?
Definition
1.) Common Warts - affects fingers and occasionally other parts.
2.)Plantar warts - deep painful warts on the soles of feet
3.)Genital warts - Most common STD in US. Range from tiny to cauliflower like growths. Primarily affects the external genetalia but can infect the cervix, urethra and anus.
Term
Some strains of non-wart causing HPV has been linked to what?
Definition
Cervical and oropharyngeal cancer.
Term
There are currently over _____ known strains of HPV with about _____ affecting the genitalia.
Definition
100/30
Term
How are all 3 warts treated?
Definition
Freezing them with liquid nitrogen or electrocautery.
Term
What cream is used to treat external genital warts?
Definition
Aldara
Term
What is the recurrence rate of between __-__%?
Definition
10-40%
Term
What does Gardisil build immunity against?
Definition
HPV strains 6,11,16,18. Reccomended for girls and boys 9-24
Term
What is the causative agent of M. Whitlow?
Definition
HSV-1 or HSV-2
Term
How is M. Whitlow contracted?
Definition
Virus enters through small breaks in unprotected skin causing the same types of lesions seen with cold sores or genital herpe infections
Term
What is M. Whitlow?
Definition
Deep and extremely painful localized infecton of the fingers
Term
What was M. Whitlow common in many years ago?
Definition
Nurses and hygienists because gloves were not common
Term
Who is M. Whitlow common in now?
Definition
People with HSV infections in other parts of their bodies.
Term
What is the causative agent of Cutaneous Anthrax?
Definition
Bacillus Anthracis
Term
What is Cutaneous Anthrax?
Definition
Papule that becomes increasingly necrotic then ruptures to form a black eschar (scab).
Term
How is cutaneous anthrax contracted?
Definition
Endospores enter the skin through small cuts or abrasions leading to a localized infection resulting in the formation of a papule.
Term
What is the causative agent of Cutaneous Mycoses?
Definition
Dermatophytes such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton.
Term
What causes an immune response or redness and inflammation in Cutaneous Mycoses?
Definition
Products of the fungal metabolism.
Term
What is the Cutaneous Mycoses infection limted to?
Definition
Nonliving epidermal tissues and their derivatives
Term
What is tine capitis?
Definition
scalp ringworm
Term
What is tinea barbae?
Definition
beard ringworm
Term
What is tinea axillaries?
Definition
Armpit ringworm
Term
What is Tinea corpus?
Definition
Body ringworm
Term
What is Tinea cruris?
Definition
groin ringworm (jock itch)
Term
What is tinea pedis?
Definition
Feet ringworm. Athlete's foot
Term
What is tinea manuum?
Definition
Hand ringworm
Term
What is tinea ungiunum?
Definition
Nail ringworm
Term
What is bacterial conjuctivitis caused by?
Definition
Haemophilus aegyptius, " influenzae, Strep pneumo, Strep pyrogenes, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and S. aureus
Term
What is viral conjuctivits caused by?
Definition
Adenovirus
Term
What are the symptoms of conjuctivitis?
Definition
Senstivity to light, swelling eye lids, increased tears, redness, and lg amounts of pis
Term
What does milky discharge indicate?
Definition
Bacterial conjuctivitis infection
Term
What does clear exudate indicate?
Definition
Viral conjuctivitis infection
Term
Is Keratitis more or less serious than conjunctivitis?
Definition
More
Term
What is Keratitis?
Definition
invasion of deeper eye tissues occurs, leads to complete coroneal destruction
Term
What is the most common causative agent of Keratitis?
Definition
Herpes simplex viruses
Term
What does Keratitis result from?
Definition
misdirected reactivation of a cold sore causing HSV. Can be direct contact of the virus within the eye area.
Term
What are preliminary symptoms of Keratitis?
Definition
Feeling gritty in eye, conjunctivitis, sharp pain, sensitivity to light.
Term
What is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the US?
Definition
Keratitis
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