Term
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Definition
All follicle associated lesions. |
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Term
What is the causative agent of acne? |
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Definition
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Term
How does P. Acnes manifest? |
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Definition
Digests the oil surplus resulting in local inflammation that can eventually burst the follicle. |
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Term
Is acne considered a communicable infection? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Skin initially swells over pore leading out of the hair follicle. If the pore is closed its a whitehead. If its open but blocked with dark plug of sebum its a black head. |
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Term
What is a pustule/papule? |
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Definition
When lesion erupts on the surface |
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Term
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Definition
Pustules that come to involve deeper layer of skin |
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Term
What is the causative agent of folliculitis, hidradentitis, furuncles, and carbuncles? |
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Definition
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Term
What is S. Aureus virulence factors? |
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Definition
1.)Capsule 2.)Enzymes (coagulase) 3.)Toxins 4.)mecA gene |
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Term
What does the enzyme Coagulase do for S. Aureus? |
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Definition
impedes progress of leukocytes into infected areas but producing clots. |
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Term
What toxins does S. Aureus produce? |
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Definition
Hemolysin- kills RBC Enterotoxin - causes symptoms in GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
Provides resistance to methicilin, penicilin, and other penicillin like drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the hair follicle. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A boil. Infection extends from the follicle/gland into surrounding tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
Larger, deeper lesion resulting from aggregating and interconnections of multiple furuncles. |
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Term
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Definition
Strep Pyrogenes or Staph Aureus |
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Term
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Definition
Superficial bacterial infection |
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Term
What is S. Pyrogenes virulence factor? |
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Definition
Streptolysin - destroys RBC |
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Term
Is impetigo highly contagious? |
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Definition
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Term
How is impetigo transmitted? |
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Definition
Direct contact but someimtes fomites |
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Term
Who does impetigo infect and what does it look like? |
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Definition
Children. Flaky scabs, honey colored crusts, peeling skin. Around mouth, face and extremities. |
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Term
What is Staphylococcal Impetigo? |
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Definition
Superficial skin infection characterized by weeping pus production (pyoderma) |
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Term
What are the symptoms of Strep impetigo? |
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Definition
Burning, itching lesions that break and weep highly contagious yellow crust |
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Term
What is a Pseudomonas aeurginosa infection a common cause of? |
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Definition
Infection in burn patients and bacterial nosocomial pneumonia. |
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Term
Is P. Aeurginosa opportunistic or true? |
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Definition
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Term
What can P. Aeurginosa cause? |
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Definition
Endocarditis, meningitis, skin rashes, UTI's, external ear infections, corneal ulcers via contacts |
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Term
What is a characteristic of P. Aeurginosa infection? |
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Definition
Grape-like odor and bluish-colored pus |
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Term
What is the cause of Gas Gangrene? |
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Definition
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Term
How is Gas Gangrene contracted? |
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Definition
Bacteria/spores enter damaged tissues and release endotoxins that cause necrosis of the surrounding tissues. |
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Term
What results from the release of endotoxins? |
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Definition
Hydrogen and CO2 are produced via fermentation of amino acid and glycogen in the dead tissues. |
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Term
How is Gas Gangrene treated? |
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Definition
Removal of dead/infected tissue or amputation |
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Term
Is there a toxoid or vaccine for Gas Gangrene? |
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Definition
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Term
What is used to slow bacterial growth in Gas Gangrene infections? |
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Definition
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment |
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Term
What is the causative agent in Necrotizing Fasciitis? |
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Definition
Strep Pyrogenes or Staph Aureus |
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Term
How is Necrotizing Fasciitis transmitted? |
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Definition
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Term
How does Necrotizing Fasciitis attack? |
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Definition
Release toxins resulting in destruction of fat and muscle that can spread via blood steam and result in organ failure or death. |
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Term
What is the causative agent of Chickenpox? |
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Definition
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Term
Is Chickenpox a DNA or RNA virus? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the symptoms of the chicken pox virus? |
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Definition
Rash with macules (small red spots), papules (little bumps), vesicles (small blisters), and pustules (pus-filled blisters) |
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Term
The pustules of a chickenpox infection eventually crust over and fall off. The rash radiates in sparse crops to the extremities. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Months or years after the primary chickenpox infection and is caused by the latent virus harbored in sensory neurons. |
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Term
What leads to pain and tenderness that can last for months with shingles? |
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Definition
Inflammation of portions of neurons |
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Term
Why are children are prone to secondary infections? What is the causative agent of these? |
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Definition
Because the chickenpox lesions are itchy. S. Pyrogenes and S. aureus |
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Term
What is measles caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
How are the measles transmitted? |
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Definition
Direct contact with respiratory secretions. One of the most contagious diseases. |
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Term
What is the main characteristic of measles? |
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Definition
Small oral lesions called Koplik's Spots that ultimately causes a skin rash starting at the head and progressing to the trunk and extremities and disappearing in that order. |
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Term
What is a secondary infection of measles? |
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Definition
Ear infections and pneumonia |
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Term
Is measles self-limiting? How long can it last? What are complications of it? |
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Definition
Yes. 20-22 days from time of infection. Lung or brain damage. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Postnatal - acquired after birth
Congenital - virus is obtained in utero |
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Term
What are the characteristic symptoms of Postnatal Rubella? |
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Definition
Spreading pink rash or joint pain |
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Term
About _____ of postnatal rubella infections are asymptomatic. |
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Definition
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Term
Postnatal Rubella clears up in __-___ days leaving ________ immunity. |
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Definition
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Term
If the Rubella virus is exposed to the fetus in the first trimester, what is the effect? |
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Definition
Always results in miscarraige or multiple permanent defects of the eyes, ears, brain and heart. |
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Term
Infants that survive exposure to the rubella virus in utero do what? |
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Definition
Excrete the disease for months. |
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Term
What is the causative agent of fifths disease? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the characteristic symptom of fifths disease? |
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Definition
Begins as a reddish rash on the face (slap-cheek) then spreads over the body primarily on the arms, legs and trunk. |
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Term
How long can Fifths Disease last? Can it come back? |
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Definition
days to weeks and can recur at times of stress. |
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Term
What is the causative agent of Roseola? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the symptoms of Roseola? |
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Definition
Results in a high fever which can be followed by rash but most cases proceed without the rash. Fever disappears on 4th day but rash can appear after. |
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Term
What virus is thought to have been exposed to every adult? |
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Definition
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Term
What are papillomas caused by? |
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Definition
Warts. Caused by Human Papillomavirus. |
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Term
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Definition
Benign squamous cell, epithelial growths that may be covered by skin (wart) or mucus membrane (papilloma) |
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Term
What are the 3 types of warts? |
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Definition
1.) Common Warts - affects fingers and occasionally other parts. 2.)Plantar warts - deep painful warts on the soles of feet 3.)Genital warts - Most common STD in US. Range from tiny to cauliflower like growths. Primarily affects the external genetalia but can infect the cervix, urethra and anus. |
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Term
Some strains of non-wart causing HPV has been linked to what? |
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Definition
Cervical and oropharyngeal cancer. |
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Term
There are currently over _____ known strains of HPV with about _____ affecting the genitalia. |
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Definition
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|
Term
How are all 3 warts treated? |
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Definition
Freezing them with liquid nitrogen or electrocautery. |
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|
Term
What cream is used to treat external genital warts? |
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Definition
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|
Term
What is the recurrence rate of between __-__%? |
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Definition
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|
Term
What does Gardisil build immunity against? |
|
Definition
HPV strains 6,11,16,18. Reccomended for girls and boys 9-24 |
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Term
What is the causative agent of M. Whitlow? |
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Definition
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|
Term
How is M. Whitlow contracted? |
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Definition
Virus enters through small breaks in unprotected skin causing the same types of lesions seen with cold sores or genital herpe infections |
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Term
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Definition
Deep and extremely painful localized infecton of the fingers |
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Term
What was M. Whitlow common in many years ago? |
|
Definition
Nurses and hygienists because gloves were not common |
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Term
Who is M. Whitlow common in now? |
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Definition
People with HSV infections in other parts of their bodies. |
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Term
What is the causative agent of Cutaneous Anthrax? |
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Definition
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|
Term
What is Cutaneous Anthrax? |
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Definition
Papule that becomes increasingly necrotic then ruptures to form a black eschar (scab). |
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Term
How is cutaneous anthrax contracted? |
|
Definition
Endospores enter the skin through small cuts or abrasions leading to a localized infection resulting in the formation of a papule. |
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Term
What is the causative agent of Cutaneous Mycoses? |
|
Definition
Dermatophytes such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton. |
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Term
What causes an immune response or redness and inflammation in Cutaneous Mycoses? |
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Definition
Products of the fungal metabolism. |
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Term
What is the Cutaneous Mycoses infection limted to? |
|
Definition
Nonliving epidermal tissues and their derivatives |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What is tinea axillaries? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
groin ringworm (jock itch) |
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Term
|
Definition
Feet ringworm. Athlete's foot |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What is bacterial conjuctivitis caused by? |
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Definition
Haemophilus aegyptius, " influenzae, Strep pneumo, Strep pyrogenes, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and S. aureus |
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Term
What is viral conjuctivits caused by? |
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Definition
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|
Term
What are the symptoms of conjuctivitis? |
|
Definition
Senstivity to light, swelling eye lids, increased tears, redness, and lg amounts of pis |
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|
Term
What does milky discharge indicate? |
|
Definition
Bacterial conjuctivitis infection |
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|
Term
What does clear exudate indicate? |
|
Definition
Viral conjuctivitis infection |
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|
Term
Is Keratitis more or less serious than conjunctivitis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
invasion of deeper eye tissues occurs, leads to complete coroneal destruction |
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|
Term
What is the most common causative agent of Keratitis? |
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Definition
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Term
What does Keratitis result from? |
|
Definition
misdirected reactivation of a cold sore causing HSV. Can be direct contact of the virus within the eye area. |
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Term
What are preliminary symptoms of Keratitis? |
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Definition
Feeling gritty in eye, conjunctivitis, sharp pain, sensitivity to light. |
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|
Term
What is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the US? |
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Definition
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