mild febrile disease w/ diffuse punctuate and maculopapular rash (resembles measles or scarlet fever) (milder than measles, rash starts at the face and spreads down); in children, no constitutional symptoms; in adults, Fever, Headache, coryza, Malaise, conjunctivitis; lymphadenopathy; maybe encephalitis or arthritis; CRS affects fetuses when mother is infected during pregnancy (can produce many defects): mostly birth defects

Rubella 

(Rubella virus)

acute, febrile rash illness in children under 4 (most often under 2); high F for 3-5 days; maculopapular rash on trunk, and then on rest of body (fades rapidly); may cause seizure

Exanthem subitum

(Human herpes virus)

AKA: Sixth Disease, Roseola infantum

acute enterocolitis, sudden onset of Headache, abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomitting, dehydration, Anemia, septicemia; can effect the bone in sickle cell patients

Salmonellosis

(Salmonella bongori, S. enterica, S. typhi)

{Gram-negative}

Diarrhea, Fever, Nausea, toxemia, Vomitting, cramps, tenesmus; stools contain blood and mucus from mucosal ulcerations; convulsions in young children; hemolytic-uremic syndrome; Reiter syndrome; more serious than salmonella

Shigellosis

(Shigella dystenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii)

AKA: Bacillary dysentery

{Gram-negative}

skin eruption; sudden onset Fever, Malaise, Headache, severe backache, prostration, abdominal pain, Vomitting; some cases involve extensive hemorrhaging; rash is worse on the face

Smallpox

(Variola virus)

lesions, infected lacerations; Fever, Malaise, Headache, Arthritis

Staphylococcal Disease: Community Disease

(Staphilococcus aureus)

AKA: boils, Carbuncies, Furuncies, abscesses, cellulitus, Staph. sepsis, Staph. pneumonia, arthritus, osteomyelitis, endocarditis

{Gram-positive}

impetigo (infection of face-honey crusted) and pustulosis (inflammation of skin with large fluid filled blisters) of the newborn; skin lesions

lesions vary from simple furuncles and stitch abcesses to extensive bedsores  or surgical wounds; septic phlebitis, chronic osteomyelitis, fulminating pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, or sepsis; major postoperative threat; increased chance of infection w/ use of prosthetic devices and catheters; increased threat due to frequent and injudicious use of antibiotics

sudden onset of high Fever, Vomitting, profuse Diarrhea, myalgia, hypotension, shock; sunburn-like rash; disorientation

sudden onset of fever, sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, enlarged and tender anterior cervical lymph nodes; maybe otitis media, or peritonsillar abcess; after 1-5 weeks, acute rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis may occur

Streptococcal Sore Throat Infection

(Streptococcus pyogenes)

AKA: Strep throat

{Gram-positive}

pyoderma and impetigo, superficial; may proceed through vesicular, pustular, and encrusted stages; glomerulonephritis may occur later

skin rash; caused by pyrogenic exotoxin; enanthem, strawberry tongue, exanthem; all symptoms associated w/ sore throat or puerperal fever may occur; rash is often felt better 

Scarlet Fever

(Streptococcus pyogenes)

{Gram-positive}

acute cellulitis, Fever, constitutional symptoms, leukocytosis; red, tender, edematous, spreading lesion of the skin, demarcated raised area, painful; faces and legs are common sites; recurrence is frequent; more common in women

Erysipelas

(Streptococcus pyogenes)

{Gram-positive}

recognized more frequently in recent years; similar to erysipelas, but "perianal", around the butt, itchy and red

Perianal cellulitis

(Streptococcus pyogenes)

{Gram-positive}

acute, usually febrile disease; local and general signs and symptoms bacterial invasion of genital tract, bloodstream in postpartum or postabortion patient, can develop into septicemia

hypotension, renal impairment, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, SGOT or bilirubin elevation, adult respiratory distress syndrome; generalized erythramatous macular rash or soft tissue necrosis; "flesh-eating bacteria" as named by the news media; skin starts peeling off

Toxic Shock Syndrome

(Streptococcus pyogenes)

{Gram-positive}

joint pain, heart valve problems, erythema (redness of skin caused by dilation of capillaries)

Acute Rheumatic Fever

(Streptococcus pyogenes)

{Gram-positive}