Term
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Definition
Viral
Name of organism: Caused by Rubella virus (RuV)
Symptoms: mild fever and rash.
Transmission: can be congenital congenital (mother to child) or developed.
Control: MMR vaccine |
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Definition
Viral
Name of organism: Herpesvirus
Symptoms: Cold sores in infected area
Transmission: through skin to skin contact. Rubs off on another person during the "shedding phase."
Control: Prevented by condoms and antiviral medications |
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Term
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Definition
Prion
Name of organism: Prion
Symptoms: Causes encephalopathy and mad cow disease. Prions attack proteins in the brain and cause malfunction.
Transmission:Spreads when someone eats contaminated meat.
Control: Avoiding infected meat. |
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Term
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Definition
Virus (Eradicated)
Organism: Variola major and Variola minor.
Symptoms: Fever, rash that begins in pharynx and spreads to face and rest of body, hard bumps on skin
Transmission: spread through droplets by coughing or sneezing. Touching infected bedding.
Control: Vaccine containing vaccinia virus has eradicated smallpox |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial
Organism: C. trachomatis
Symptoms: inflammation of the urethra, genital discharge, painful urination, puts women at risk for PID, can be asymptomatic in many carriers
Transmission: Spread through sexual contact or congenitally.
Control: Avoid sex with infected person, treated with antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial
Organism: T. pallidum (Spirochete)
Symptoms: sores on genitals, rectum, or mouth, rash, damage to internal organs
Transmission: spread by sexual contact
Control: Safe sex, avoid sex with infected person, treated with antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
Viral
Organism: Rabies virus
Symptoms: Flu-like symptoms progresses to hallucinations and seizures. Affects brain and nervous system.
Transmission: through saliva from animals (animal bites).
Control: treated by postexposure vaccination |
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Term
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Definition
Viral
Organism: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Symptoms: Takes years to cause noticeable symptoms. Chronic liver disease, jaundice, dark urine
Transmission: through blood contact
Control: No vaccine. Non-curable but treatable. |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial
Organism: Y. pestis, a tiny gram-negative rod
Symptoms: Large black pustules, black swollen lymph nodes
Transmission: through flea bites and poor hygiene.
Control: No known cure or treatment |
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Term
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Definition
Viral
Organism: Measles virus (MeV)
Symptoms: Coughing, sore throat, spots in mouth (Koplik spots), skin rash
Transmission: respiratory droplets through coughing and sneezing.
Control: Vaccine (MMR, treated by vitamin A and reducing fever |
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Term
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Definition
Fungal
Organism: Cryptosporidium
Symptoms: Watery diarrhea, flu-like symptoms
Transmission: spread through contaminated water and food, animal feces.
Control: Treatment not usually required, antidiarrheal |
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Term
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Definition
Viral
Organism: rhinovirus
Symptoms: Coughing, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat
Transmission: fomites, air droplets
Control: no cure, OTC medications |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial
Organism: Vibrio cholera
Symptoms: vomiting, watery diarrhea that causes severe weight loss and nutrient depletion
Transmission: passed in stools, eating or drinking contaminated food and water
Treated via antibiotics and zinc therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
Viral
Organism: Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
Symptoms: Flu-like symptoms, jaundice
Transmission: poor hygiene, poor food handling, sexual transmission
Control: Vaccination |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial
Organism: Clostridium difficile
Symptoms: Watery diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, foul smelling feces
Transmission: exposure to infected feces, broad-spectrum antibiotics
Treatment: discontinue antibiotics, fecal transplants |
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Term
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Definition
Protozoan
Organism: Toxoplasma gondii
Symptoms: Most cases are asymptomatic or marked by mild symptoms such as sore throat, lymph node enlargement, and low-grade fever
Transmission: foodborne, zoonotic (mainly from cat feces), congenital
Control: Most recover without treatment, others can be treated with antifungal medication |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial
Organism: Mainly Neisseria meningitides and Streptococcus pneumoniae
Symptoms: Headache, stiff neck, fever, vomiting, photophobia,
Transmission: close contact with secretions and droplets such as saliva and mucus
Control: Antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial and viral infection in which fluid fills the alveoli
Organism: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella, H. influenza, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Symptoms: Cough with mucus, fever
Transmission: Airborne, droplet contact
Control: Broad-spectrum antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial
Organism: S. aureus
Symptoms: redness, swelling, tenderness or pain, drainage or pus, can lead to blood poisoning.
Transmission: Direct contact on broken skin
Control: antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial
Organism: H. pylori
Symptoms: causes gastric ulcers, stomach pain
Transmission: saliva, feces or food
Control: antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial
Clostridium botulinum
Symptoms: Double vision, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, muscle weakness
Transmission: Foodborne
Control: Postexposure antitoxin |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial
Organism: Bordetella pertussis
Symptoms: Whooping cough, runny nose
Transmission: Airborne and waterborne
Treatment: Tdap vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
Fungal, yeast infection
Organism: Candida
Symptoms: itching, burning, discharge, rash
Transmission: Overgrowth of normal flora
Control: Oral antifungals, vaginal suppositories/creams |
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Term
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Definition
Protozoan (parasite)
Organism: Giardia
Symptoms: Diarrhea, upset stomach
Transmission: waterborne, foodborne, oral/fecal route
Control: Avoid contaminated food and untreated water |
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Term
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Definition
Fungal
Organism: Histoplasma
Symptoms: TB-like symptoms
Transmission: Airborne spores
Control: Avoid bird and bat droppings |
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Term
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Definition
Fungal
Organism: Trichomonas vaginalis
Symptoms: Vaginal discharge, painful urination, men are typically asymptomatic
Transmission: sexual contact
Control: safe sex |
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Term
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Definition
Protozoan, eradicated in the U.S.
Organism: Plasmodium
Symptoms: fatigue, nausea, chills, fever and sweating, symptoms occur at 48 to 72 hour intervals
Transmission: bites from the female anopheles mosquito
Control: Vaccinations before traveling to infected countries |
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Term
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Definition
Viral
Organism: Mumps virus
Symptoms: fever, rash, runny nose, muscle pain
Transmission: spread primarily through salivary and respiratory glands
Control: Vaccine (MMR), treat symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
Viral
Organism: Poliovirus
Symptoms: Many people show no symptoms, causes paralysis in others and can be fatal
Transmission: Fecal-oral
Control: Vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial
Organism: Arbovirus
Symptoms: fever, rash
Transmission: mosquito bites
Control: No treatment |
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Term
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Definition
Viral
Organism: ?
Symptoms: fever, internal hemorrhaging
Transmission: Mosquitos
Control: Vaccine |
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Definition
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