Term
| What are the most important risk factors associated with osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
1) Age
2) Genetics (family hx)
3) Female
4) low body weight
5) post-menopausal
6) white/Asian race |
|
|
Term
| Basic pathophysiology of osteoporosis is an imbalance between what? |
|
Definition
| bone resorption and formation |
|
|
Term
| A t-score of what indicates osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What class of drugs remain in the bone for years following treatment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only med that increases bone production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What med is an excellent choice for someone with a family hx of breast cancer and osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What labs are seen with hyperparathyroidism? |
|
Definition
| normal/elevated PTH with high calcium levels |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of hyperparathyrodisim? and what is present in 80%? |
|
Definition
1) Primary Hyperparathyrodism
2) Solitary parathyroid adenoma |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of Non-PTH-mediated hypercalciemia? and what is the type? |
|
Definition
1) Malignancy
2) squamous cell carcinoma (lung) |
|
|
Term
| What is osteolytic hypercalcemia classically seen with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is acute hypercalcemia often caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the initial intervention of acute hypercalcemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of hypocalcemia? |
|
Definition
| factitious secondary to low plasma proteins |
|
|
Term
| What EKG changes are consistent with changes in calcium? |
|
Definition
hypocalcemia - prolonged QT
hypercalcemia - shortened QT |
|
|
Term
| What t score changes are indicative of osteopenia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most common sites of involvement for osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
| hip, distal forearm, and vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| What is the preferred method of follow-up and diagnosis of osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| each standard deviation below normal represents what percentage of bone loss and what risk of fracture? |
|
Definition
1) 10-12% of bone loss
2) 2-2.5x increased fracture risk |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common antiresorptive therapy for osteoprososis? |
|
Definition
| bisphosphonates, estrogen, SERM, and calcitonin |
|
|
Term
| What treatments appear to make the greatest difference in bone density? |
|
Definition
1) bisphosphonates
2) estrogen |
|
|
Term
| What is the risk of bisphosphonate use? |
|
Definition
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