toward the head, or the upper part of a structure

Ex: the heart is superior to the liver

away from the head, or the lower part of a structure

Example: the stomach is inferior to the lungs

nearer to or at the front of the body

Example: the sternumis anterior to the heart

Nearer to the back of the body

Example:  the esophagus is posterior to the trachea

nearer the midline

Example: the ulna is medial to the radius

Farther from the midline

Example: the lungs are lateral to the heart

one the same side of the body as another structure

Example: the gallbladder and ascending colon are ipsilateral.

on the opposite side of the body from another structure

Example: the ascending colon and descending colon are contralateral

nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk, nearer to the origination of a structure

Example: the humerus is proximal to the radius

farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the origination of a structure

Example: the phalanges are distal to the carpals

toward or on the surface of the body

Example: the ribs are superficial to the lungs

away from the surface of the body

Example: the ribs are ddep to the skin of the chest and the back

between two structure

example: the transverse colon is intermediate between ascending colon and descending colon