Term
|
Definition
| The breaking down of food into chemical substances that can be used for energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The digestive tract from the mouth to the anus, including the stomach and intestines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The watery fluid that is secreted by the salivary glands of the mouth, that softens and moistens food, and that begins digestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The passage from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A structure that hangs at the entrance of the larynx and prevents food from entering the larynx and the trachea while swallowing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The series of rhythmic muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A liquid secreted by gastric glands in the stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A lesion of the surface of the skin or a mucous membrane; sometimes occurs in the digestive system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A circular muscle located between the esophagus and the stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The mixture formed in the stomach from digested food particles and gastric fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The circular muscle that controls the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sac-shaped organ that stores bile produced by the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the many tiny projections from the cells in the lining of the small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A section of the large intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The structures that control the actions and reactions of the body in response to stimuli from the environment; it is formed by billions of specialized nerve cells, called neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A nerve cell that is specialized to receive and conduct electrical impulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cytoplasmic extension of a neuron that receives stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An elongated extension of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sudden change in the polarity of the membrane of a neuron, gland cell, or muscle fiber that facilitates the transmission of electrical impulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A layer of fatty material that surrounds certain nerve fibers and that acts as an electrical insulator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The junction at which the end of the axon of a neuron meets the end of a dendrite or the cell body of another neuron or meets another cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The difference in electric potential between the two sides of a cell membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The electric potential across the cell membrane of a nerve cell or muscle cell when the cell is not active |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A short period of time after the stimulation of a nerve during which the nerve cannot be stimulated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The brain and the spinal cord; its main function is to control the flow of information in the body |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral nervous system |
|
Definition
| All of the parts of the nervous system except for the brain and the spinal cord (the central nervous system); includes the cranial nerves and nerves of the neck, chest, lower back, and pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The upper part of the brain that receives sensation and controls movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The gray, outer portion of the cerebrum that controls the higher mental functions, general movement, organ function, perception, and behavioral reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The stemlike portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord and that maintains the necessary functions of the body, such as breathing and circulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of the brain that directs incoming sensory and motor signals to the proper region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The region of the brain that coordinates the activities of the nervous and endocrine systems and that controls many body activities related to homeostasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The lower portion of the brain stem, which regulates circulation, respiration, and certain special senses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A posterior portion of the brain that coordinates muscle movement and controls subconscious activities and some balance functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A collection of nerve fibers through which impulses travel between the central nervous system and other parts of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A specialized structure that contains the ends of sensory neurons and that responds to specific types of stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neuron located between the afferent neuron and the final neuron in a neural chain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The portion of the neural structure that provides nerve connections to the skin, skeleton, and muscles of the body, but not to the viscera, blood vessels, and glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An involuntary and almost immediate movement in response to a stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions |
|
|
