Term
| 1. What are the two ways that the stomach breaks down the food? |
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Definition
| mechanically and chemically |
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Term
| 2. What type of digestion are the three layers of muscle in the muscularis of the stomach responsible for? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3. What structures located in the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach are responsible for the chemical digestion? |
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Definition
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Term
| 4. What is the name of the muscle that surrounds the opening to the stomach from the esophagus? |
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Definition
| cardiac sphincter (lower esophageal sphincter) |
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Term
| 5. What is the part of the stomach closest to the esophagus called? |
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Definition
| cardiac region of the stomach |
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Term
| 6. What is the most superior part of the stomach called? |
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Definition
| the fundus of the stomach |
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Term
| 7. What is the majority of the stomach (middle part) called? |
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Definition
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Term
| 8. What is the part of the stomach closest to the small intestine called? |
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Definition
| the pyloric region of the stomach |
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Term
| 9. What is the name of the muscle that controls the food leaving the stomach entering the small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
| 10. Which curvature of the stomach lies more superior? |
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Definition
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Term
| 11. What are the large folds of mucosa and submucosa that appear when the stomach is empty? |
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Definition
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Term
| 12. What type of muscle is the cardiac and pyloric sphincter? |
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Definition
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Term
| 13. What are the tube like invaginations into the stomach epithelium called? |
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Definition
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Term
| 14. The gastric pits are openings from what structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| 15. What do the gastric glands produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| 16. Is the gastric juice acidic or alkaline? |
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Definition
| highly acidic (pH 1.5-3.5) |
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Term
| 17. What are the 4 types of cells in the gastric glands? |
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Definition
| chief cells, parietal cells, mucous cells, and endocrine cells |
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Term
| 18. What do the mucous cells produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| 19. What do the endocrine cells produce and where is this stuff released? |
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Definition
| gastrin - released into blood (remember - ENDOcrine) |
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Term
| 20. What do the chief cells produce and secrete? |
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Definition
| pepsinogen, renin, and gastric lipase |
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Term
| 21. What do the parietal cells produce and release? |
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Definition
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Term
| 22. Where is digestion completed? |
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Definition
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Term
| 23. Where does almost all absorption occurr? |
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Definition
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Term
| 24. How long would the small intestine be if you stretched it out? |
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Definition
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Term
| 25. What is the first portion of the small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
| 26. What is the middle portion of the small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
| 27. What is the last portion of the small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
| 28. The duodenum wraps around what structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| 29. Does the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine have glands? |
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Definition
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Term
| 30. Is the substance produced by the glands in the small intestine acidic or alkaline? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 32. What is the point where the ileum joins with the large intestine called? |
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Definition
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Term
| 33. Does the ileocecal junction contain a sphincter or a valve? |
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Definition
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Term
| 34. Walter wants to know why we need to have such a long small intestine? |
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Definition
| increases surface area for absorption |
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Term
| 35. What are the large folds of mucosa in the small intestine, and what are they for? |
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Definition
| circular folds, increase surface area |
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Term
| 36. What are the fingerlike projections coming off the circular folds called? |
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Definition
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Term
| 37. These villi in the small intestine are lined with epithelial cells with ________ on their surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| 38. What structures are found inside the villi in the small intestine? |
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Definition
| capillary network and a lacteal |
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Term
| 39. What is the lacteal and what is its function? |
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Definition
| a lymphatic vessel / absorption of fats |
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Term
| 40. What is the function of the large intestine? |
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Definition
| Absorption of water & elimination of waste products |
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Term
| 41. What are the 4 divisions of the large intestine? |
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Definition
| Cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal |
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Term
| 42. What is the first part of the large intestine that joins with the ileum? |
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Definition
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Term
| 43. What structure is attached to the cecum and can collect bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| 44. What is the function of the vermiform appendix? |
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Definition
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Term
| 45. What is the condition where there is inflammation of the vermiform appendix? |
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Definition
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Term
| 46. What can cause appendicitis? |
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Definition
| Due to an obstruction of the appendix or due to bacteria in the area that causes an infection |
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Term
| 47. If Walter had appendicitis, what part of his abdomen would be tender to the touch? |
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Definition
| Right lower quadrant, halfway between the umbilicus and the ilium |
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Term
| 48. What are the 4 divisions of the colon going from the ileum to the rectum? |
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Definition
| Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon |
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Term
| 49. What part of the colon is near the liver? |
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Definition
| Right colic (hepatic) flexure |
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Term
| 50. What part of the colon is near the spleen? |
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Definition
| Left colic (splenic) flexure |
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Term
| 51. What part of the large intestine stores feces and is located between the sigmoid colon and the anal canal? |
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Definition
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Term
| 52. What is the last 2-3 cm of the digestive tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| 53. What is the opening of the anal canal to the outside world? |
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Definition
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Term
| 54. What type of muscle is the internal anal sphincter? |
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Definition
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Term
| 55. What type of muscle is the external anal sphincter? |
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Definition
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Term
| 56. What is the epithelial lining the mucosa in the stomach? |
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Definition
| Simple columnar epithelium |
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Term
| 57. What is the epithelial lining the mucosa in the small intestine? |
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Definition
| Simple columnar epithelium |
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Term
| 58. What is the epithelial lining the mucosa in the large intestine? |
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Definition
| Simple columnar epithelium |
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Term
| 59. What is the epithelial lining the mucosa in the anal canal? |
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Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| 60. What is the function of simple columnar epithelium? |
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Definition
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