Term
| what do earthworms eat and how do they get nutrients from it? |
|
Definition
| dirt, extracts organic matter and enters through pharynx |
|
|
Term
| what is the genus of the earthworm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 7 parts, in order, of the digestive system of the earthworm (Lumbricus)? |
|
Definition
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
crop
gizzard
intestine
anus |
|
|
Term
| where do the 4 parts of the DS occur in the Lumbricus? |
|
Definition
1. mouth
2. a) gizzard
b) intestine
3. intestine
4. anus |
|
|
Term
| what side did we cut on for the Lumbricus? (name and color) |
|
Definition
| cut on the dark/dorsal side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the white "u" shaped space surrounding the typhlosole where the dirt goes |
|
|
Term
| what is the surface area adaptation of the earthworm? |
|
Definition
| the typhlosole, makes the lumen a "U" instead of an "O" |
|
|
Term
| what is the genus name of the grasshopper? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do grasshoppers eat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 6 parts of the Romaleus DS in order and what do they do? |
|
Definition
mandibles - chewing mouthparts
foregut - food storage
midgit - (stomach) has gastric ceca
gastric ceca
hindgut - absorbs H2O back into body
anus |
|
|
Term
| what is the surface area adaptation in Romaleus? |
|
Definition
| gastric ceca - fingerlike projections on the midgut |
|
|
Term
| why does the Romaleus have a low H2O demand? |
|
Definition
| the hind gut is really good at absorbing H2O back into the body |
|
|
Term
| where do the 4 parts of digestion occur in the Romaleus? |
|
Definition
1. mandibles
2. a) mandibles
b) midgut
3. midgut
4. anus |
|
|
Term
| what do almost all mammals have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 different kinds of teeth? |
|
Definition
| incisors, canines, premolars, molars |
|
|
Term
| what are incisors for? what are they like in herbivores and carnivores? what animal has something special about their incisors? |
|
Definition
biting
herb: large
carnivores: small
rodents have ever growing incisors (can even grow into skull) |
|
|
Term
| what are canines for? what are they like in herbivores and carnivores? |
|
Definition
holding prey
carnivores: large
herbivores: small/often missing |
|
|
Term
| what are premolars for? what are they like in herbivores and carnivores? |
|
Definition
carnivores: for shearing, sharp
herbivores: not sharp, for chewing |
|
|
Term
| what are molars for? what are they like in herbivores and carnivores? |
|
Definition
chewing
carnivores: small, almost missing in some
herbivores: big |
|
|
Term
| what is the gland that starts 2b in the mouth? what does it secrete? |
|
Definition
salivary gland
secretes both an enzyme (salivary amylase) and saliva (H2O and mucus) |
|
|
Term
| what does salivary amylase break down? into what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pushes food into pharynx where it then crosses the trachea and enters the esophagus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mixture of food, saliva and salivary amylase |
|
|
Term
| what pushes the bolus down the esophagus? |
|
Definition
| peristalsis: squeezing mechanism in esophagus |
|
|
Term
| where is peristalsis performed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 8 parts of the Rattus digestive system we looked at? |
|
Definition
mouth
incisors
tongue
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
duodenum
anus |
|
|
Term
| what part of the DS did we not observe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the 4 parts of the DS occur in the Rattus? |
|
Definition
1. mouth
2. a) incisors
b) mouth (salivary amylase and saliva), stomach, duodenum
3. small intestine
4. anus |
|
|
Term
| what 2 things does the stomach produce and what are their functions? |
|
Definition
1. enzyme pepsin - breaks down protein into AA
2. HCl - 2 functions: kills bacteria and provides proper pH for pepsin |
|
|
Term
| what prevents the HCl from eating away the lining of the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 2 things can the stomach absorb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 3 enzymes are present in the duodenum and what do they break down? |
|
Definition
pancreatic amylase - carbs ---> monomers
pancreatic lipase - lipids ---> glycerol & 3 FA
pancreatic protease - proteins ---> AA |
|
|
Term
| where are the enzymes in the duodenum produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the liver produce? what is interesting about it? |
|
Definition
| bile, its not an actual enzyme but it acts as one |
|
|
Term
| how are the liver and the gall bladder connected? |
|
Definition
| the liver produces the bile and the gall bladder stores and releases it |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of bile? |
|
Definition
| does hydrolysis in small intestine |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 parts of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
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