Term
Digestive System
Function?
Examples? |
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Definition
Get a nutrient to its simplest unit so it can be absorbed.
Carbohydrate --> Glucose
Fat --> Fatty Acid Chain
Protein --> Amino Acid |
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Term
| Components of Digestive System |
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Definition
1. Mouth: Mechanical (mastication)
Chemical (salivary amylase)
2. Esophagus: long tube, no digestion
3. Stomach: HC1 Chemical
4. Small Intestine: Chemical/absorption.
Brush borders with hairlike projections to increase SA.
Enzymes released from Pancreas/ Gall Bladder.
5. Large Intestine: Absorption of water.
Packages undigested food.
6. Rectum |
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Term
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Definition
1. Mouth: Mechanical/Chemical
2. Stomach: HIGH HC1 (Salivary Amylase is inactivated in stomach.
3. SI: Pancreas releases pancreatic amylase initially. Chemically degrade carbohydrates.
Peristaltic action (wave like contractions to push food) |
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Term
Brush Border of Small Intestine
Enzymes? |
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Definition
Hairlike projection, Increases surface area.
Sucrase, Maltase, Lactase |
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Term
Carbohydrates continued.
Glucose Paradox?
Benefits of Glucokinase? |
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Definition
GP: liver is insulin dependent
Liver lets the new glucose pass because of glucokinase.
Thats good, glucose can go to skeletal muscle.
Flight of flight can be used. |
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Term
Carbohydrates continued.
Large intestine |
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Definition
LI: undigested cards for excretion
Artificial Sweeteners, trick taste buds --> 0 cal. |
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Term
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Definition
Lactose Intolerant: When body doesnt make enzyme lactase. If lactose not broken down --> Large Intestine.
Increases solutes --> more water flow in LI --> Diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
1. Mouth: Mechanical
Chemical (lingual lipase)
2. Stomach: Lipase is good at low pH
Lingual lipase - not impacted by HC1
3. Gallbladder- stores Bile |
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Term
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Definition
Made in Liver
Released by SI
Helps TG and enzymes mixed.
Pancreatic Lipase also helped break of fatty acids.
Once SI starts to absorb fat, secretes CCK.
CCK affects ventromedial hypothalamus (satiety) |
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Term
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Definition
| Once fatty acid chain is absorbed, SI puts protein coat around them. (chylomicron) Protein coat makes chylomicron water soluble Chylomicron enters lymphatic sys. --> circulatory system -->liver --> make fat cholesterol. |
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Term
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Definition
Found in plasma membrane
Mainly from saturated fat
Soluble after protein coat. |
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Term
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Definition
LDL: thinner protein coat. more cholesterol inside Bad Cholesterol "Statin" Drugs inhibit formation of cholesterol and lower LDL levels.
HDL: smaller molcule. Less cholesterol inside.
Good Cholesterol from other areas when theres too much |
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Term
Fats Cont.
Large Intestine. |
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Definition
| Undigested fat foes to LA to be packaged for excretion. |
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Term
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Definition
Linked together with Peptide Bonds (amino acids --> proteins)
Goal is to break peptide bonds |
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Term
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Definition
1. Mouth: No Chemical
Mechanical, yes!
2. Stomach: protein digestion
HC1 good for breaking down peptide bonds
releases inactive pepsinogen --> active pepsin. |
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Term
Proteins Cont.
Small Intestine |
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Definition
Pancreas releases inactive chymotrypsinogen & trypsinogen --> activated chymotrypsin and trypsin
Tripeptidase: break between 3 aa's
Dipeptidase: break between 2 aa's
Then SI will absorb amino acids. |
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