Term
| what does the peritoneum do? |
|
Definition
it's a serous membraine that lines abdominal-pelvic cavity
surrounds digestive organs/body wall
visceral=surrounds dig. organs
parietal = body wall |
|
|
Term
| what is the mesentary and what does it do? |
|
Definition
The mesentary is a double layer of periotoneum
Holds organs in place
sit of fat storage
provides route for circulatory nerves/vessels |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 dorsal mesentaries? |
|
Definition
1. greater omentum - rich in fat, connects greater curvature of stomach to posterior abdominal wall
2. mesentary proper - supports jejunum ileum
3. transverse mesocolon
4. sigmoid megacolon |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 ventral mesentaries? |
|
Definition
1. falciform ligament - binds to back of liver, front of abdominal wall/diaphragm
2. lesser omentum - runs from live to lesser curvature and beginning of duodenum. |
|
|
Term
what r the 4 layers of alimentary tract
from esophagus to anal canal, inside to outside? |
|
Definition
1. muscosa
2. submucosa
3. muscularis externa
4. serosa layer |
|
|
Term
| what does the submucosa layer do and have? |
|
Definition
stretches alimentary canals so food can pass thru
rich supply of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerve fibers. |
|
|
Term
| what r the 2 layers of muscularis externa? |
|
Definition
circular muscularis
logitudinal muscularis
responsible for peristalsis/segmentation |
|
|
Term
| which nerve plexuses innervate alimentary canal? |
|
Definition
myenteric controls peristalsis
submucosal signals gland to secrete |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 salivary glands? |
|
Definition
1. parotid - infected with mumps virus
2. submandibular
3. sublingual |
|
|
Term
| where is the cardiac sphincter located and what does it do? |
|
Definition
(gastro-esophageal)
in the esophagus
closes to prevent stomach acid from entering esophagus |
|
|
Term
| what are RUGAE and where are they located? |
|
Definition
longitudinal folds in stomach
flattens when stomach fills |
|
|
Term
| mucosa are dotted with what in the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which 4 types of cells line gastric glands? |
|
Definition
1. mucous neck cells - secrete mucus
2. enteroendocrine cells
3. parietal (oxyntic) cells
4. chief (zymogenic) cells |
|
|
Term
function of enteroendocrine cells?
what does gastrin do? |
|
Definition
hormone secreting cells
GASTRIN signals parietal cells to produce HCl acid when food enters stomach |
|
|
Term
what do parietal (oxyntic) cells do?
Chief (zymogenic) cells do?
|
|
Definition
secrete HCl acid/gastric intrinsic factor
secretes pepsinogen, activated to pepsin when it encounters acid in gastric gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| site where food is churned, turns into paste-like substance |
|
|
Term
| what are peptic ulcers and what are they caused by? |
|
Definition
erosions of the mucosa
caused by Helicobacter pylori |
|
|
Term
| what are 2 peptic ulcer types and where do they occur? |
|
Definition
1. gastric = pyloric region of stomach
2. duodenal = duodenum of small intestine |
|
|
Term
| what digestive enzymes produced by and where are they released into? |
|
Definition
pancreas
duodenum - to digest (break down) foods |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 digestive enzymes? |
|
Definition
- proteases/peptides
- lipases
- carbohydrases
- nucleases
|
|
|
Term
| what is the hepatopancreatic ampulla and what does it contain? |
|
Definition
It's a bulb.
Contains PANCREATIC SPHINCTER and BILE SPHINCTER
controls entry of pancreatic juice enzymes/bile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
released from enteroendocrine cells in duodenum
in response to fatty chyme/causes gallbladder's muscular wall to contract and duct to relax to release bile in duo.
=emulsifies FAT |
|
|
Term
| what do compound tubular duodenal glands do? |
|
Definition
secrete alkaline, bicarbonate mucus
helps neutralize acidic chyme from stomach |
|
|
Term
| 4 parts of histology of small intestine wall |
|
Definition
enteroendocrine cells
goblet cells - secrete mucin
absorptive cells
intestinal crypts (of lieberkuhn) |
|
|
Term
| what do enteroendocrine cells do? |
|
Definition
signal gall bladder to release bile
signal pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes & bicarbonate-rich juice to neutralize acidic chyme which enters duodenum
|
|
|
Term
| 3 modifications for absorption in small intestine |
|
Definition
circular folds (inc absorptive SA)
villi
microvilli |
|
|
Term
| what completes the final digestion (break down) of nutrient molecules? |
|
Definition
brush border enzymes
apical surfaces of absorptive cells have many microvilli which contain these. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AA, sugars, fatty acid particles, minerals, vitamins, electrolytes/water across particles |
|
|
Term
| what do Ileum villi absorb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is in the villi lamina propria? 2 things.. |
|
Definition
blood capillaries (absorb carbs/proteins)
lacteals/lymphatic capillaries (absorb fat) |
|
|
Term
where is the ileocecal valve located?
what does it connect? |
|
Definition
large intestine
ileum with cecum |
|
|
Term
| facts about large intestine |
|
Definition
- no villi
- lots of goblet clls
- intestinal crypts=simple tubular glands with many goblet cells
- digested residue has few nutrients
- MAIN FUNCTION: absorb water, electrolytes, vitamins produced by bacteria
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Teniae Coli [thickening of longitudinal muscularis with 3 longitudinal strips placed around colon/cecum.
Haustra
Epiploic (omental) appendages [fat filled pouches] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functional cells of the liver |
|
|
Term
| what is the portal triad in liver composed of? |
|
Definition
bile duct
portal venule
portal arterial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized macrophages which line sinusoids and destroy bacteria |
|
|
Term
| what is the exocrine function in the pancreas? |
|
Definition
1. ACINAR CELLS make, secrete, and store and pancreatic enzymes in duo.
2. ZYMOGEN GRANULES IN ACINAR CELLS: enzymes stored in inactive form in intracellular granule |
|
|
