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Digestive System
Chapter 13
192
Biology
Undergraduate 3
03/29/2012

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Term
ad-
Definition
toward
Term
ant-, anti-
Definition
against, opposing
Term
dia-
Definition
through
Term
dys-
Definition
bad, abnormal, painful, difficult
Term
pan-
Definition
all, entire
Term
peri-
Definition
around
Term
re-, retro-
Definition
back
Term
abdomin/o
Definition
abdomen, abdominal cavity
Term
an/o
Definition
anus
Term
append/o
Definition
to hang onto, appendix
Term
bil/i
Definition
bile
Term
cec/o
Definition
blind intestine, cecum
Term
celi/o
Definition
abdomen, abdominal cavity
Term
cheil/o
Definition
lip
Term
chol/e
Definition
bile, gall
Term
choledoch/o
Definition
common bile duct
Term
cirrh/o
Definition
orange
Term
col/o, colon/o
Definition
colon
Term
dent/o
Definition
teeth
Term
diverticul/o
Definition
a small blind pouch, diverticulum
Term
duoden/o
Definition
twelve, duodenum
Term
enter/o
Definition
small intestine
Term
esophag/e, esophag/o
Definition
gullet, esophagus
Term
gastr/o
Definition
stomach
Term
gingiv/o
Definition
gums
Term
gloss/o
Definition
tongue
Term
halit/o
Definition
breath
Term
hemrroh/o
Definition
likely to bleed
Term
hepat/o
Definition
liver
Term
hern/o, herni/o
Definition
rupture or protrusion through a weakeded membrane or wall (hernia)
Term
ile/o
Definition
to roll, ileum
Term
inguin/o
Definition
groin
Term
jejun/o
Definition
empty, jejunum
Term
lapar/o
Definition
abdomen
Term
lingu/o
Definition
tongue
Term
lith/o
Definition
stone
Term
or/o
Definition
mouth
Term
palat/o
Definition
roof of mouth, palate
Term
pancreat/o
Definition
sweetbread, pancreas
Term
peps/o, pept/o
Definition
digestion
Term
perine/o
Definition
perineum
Term
peritone/o
Definition
to stretch over, peritoneum
Term
phag/o
Definition
eat, swallow
Term
pharyng/o
Definition
throat, pharynx
Term
polyp/o
Definition
small growth, polyp
Term
proct/o
Definition
rectum, anus
Term
pylor/o
Definition
gatekeeper, pylorus
Term
rect/o
Definition
straight, erect, rectum
Term
rubin/o
Definition
red pigment
Term
sial/o
Definition
saliva
Term
sigmoid/o
Definition
the letter S
Term
spasm/o
Definition
sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
Term
steat/o
Definition
fat
Term
stomat/o
Definition
mouth
Term
uvul/o
Definition
grape, uvula
Term
vag/o
Definition
vagus nerve
Term
-cele
Definition
hernia, swelling, protrusion
Term
-centesis
Definition
surgical puncture to aspirate fluids
Term
-emesis
Definition
vomiting
Term
-emetic
Definition
pertaining to vomiting
Term
-iasis
Definition
condition of
Term
-malacia
Definition
softening
Term
-pepsia
Definition
condition of digestion
Term
-ptosis
Definition
falling down,drooping
Term
-rraphy
Definition
suturing
Term
-rrhea
Definition
discharge (of fluid)
Term
-stomy
Definition
surgical creation of an opening
Term
aphagia
Definition
inability to swallow
Term
ascites
Definition
accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
Term
constipation
Definition
infrequent or incomplete defecation
Term
dyspepsia
Definition
indigestion
Term
dysphagia
Definition
difficulty in swallowing
Term
flatus
Definition
condition of gas trapped in GI tract or released through anus
Term
gastrodynia
Definition
pain in the stomach
Term
halitosis
Definition
bad breath
Term
hematemesis
Definition
vomiting blood
Term
hepatomegaly
Definition
enlargement of the liver
Term
hyperbilirubinemia
Definition
excessive levels of the bile pigemt, billirubin in the blood
Term
jaundice
Definition
yellowish staining of the skin, schlera and deeper tissues
Term
nausea
Definition
symtomatic urge to vomit
Term
reflux
Definition
backward flux or flow of material in the GI tract, regurgitation
Term
steatorrhea
Definition
abnormal fat levels in the feces
Term
adhesion
Definition
abnormal growth that connects two surfaces
Term
anorexia nervosa
Definition
behavioral eating disorder, extreme aversion of food resulting in weight loss and malnourishment
Term
appendicitis
Definition
inflammation of the appendix
Term
bulimia nervosa
Definition
behavioral eating disorder that involves repeated gorging with food followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse
Term
cheilitis
Definition
inflmmation of the lip
Term
cholangioma
Definition
tumor that originates in the bile duct
Term
cholecystitis
Definition
inflammation of the gallbladder
Term
choledocholithiasis
Definition
presence of mineralized masses
Term
cholelithsis
Definition
generalized condition of gallstones
Term
cirrhosis
Definition
chronic, progressive liver disease that results from hepatic-cell failure
Term
colitis
Definition
inflammation of the colon
Term
colorectaol cancer
Definition
cancer of the colon and rectum
Term
Crohn's disease
Definition
chronic inflammation of any part of the GI tract
Term
diverticulitis
Definition
inflammation of abnormal small pouches in the wall of the colon
Term
diverticulosis
Definition
condition of diverticula in the colon
Term
duodenal ulcer
Definition
ulcer in the wall of the duodenum
Term
dysentery
Definition
severe inflammation of the intestine marked by frequent diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration
Term
enteritis
Definition
inflammation of the small intestine
Term
esophagitis
Definition
inflammation of the esophagus
Term
gastric cancer
Definition
cancer of the stomach
Term
gastric ulcer
Definition
ulcer in the wall of the stomach
Term
gastritis
Definition
inflammation of the stomach
Term
gastroenteritis
Definition
inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
Term
gastroenterocolitis
Definition
inflammation of the stomach, small intestine and colon
Term
gastroesophageal reflux disease
Definition
recurring backflow of stomach contents the esophagus
Term
gastromalacia
Definition
softening of the stomach wall
Term
giardiasis
Definition
infection of the intestinal protozoa Giardia intestinalis
Term
gingivitis
Definition
inflammation of the gums
Term
glossitis
Definition
inflammation of the tongue
Term
glossopathy
Definition
generalized disease of the tongue
Term
hemmorrhoids
Definition
swollen veins of veins in the anus
Term
hepatitis
Definition
inflammation of the liver
Term
hepatoma
Definition
tumor of the liver
Term
hiatal hernia
Definition
protrusion of part of the stomach upward through an opening in the diaphragm
Term
ileitis
Definition
inflammation of the ileum
Term
ileus
Definition
obsturction of the intestine
Term
inflammatory bowel disease
Definition
syndrome that affects the intestines
Term
inguinal hernia
Definition
protrusion of a loop of the small intestine through the abdominal wall in the groin region
Term
intussusception
Definition
an infolding of a segment of the intestine within another segment
Term
irritable bowel syndrome
Definition
chronic disease characterized by periodic disturbances of the large intestine function
Term
lactose intolerance
Definition
lack of the enzyme lactase in small intestine
Term
palaitis
Definition
inflammation of the palate
Term
pancreatitis
Definition
inflammation of the pancreas
Term
paroitis
Definition
inflammation of the parotid gland
Term
peptic ulcer
Definition
erosion in the wall of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the GI tract that may be exposed to gastric juice
Term
peritonitis
Definition
inflammation of the peritonieum
Term
polyp
Definition
any abnormal mass of tissue that projects outward from a wall
Term
polyposis
Definition
presence of many polyps
Term
proctitis
Definition
inflammation of the rectum and anus
Term
proctoptosis
Definition
prolapse, or falling downward, of the rectum through the anus
Term
rectocele
Definition
protrusion of the rectum against the vaginal wall
Term
sialoadentitis
Definition
inflammation of the salivary gland
Term
sialolith
Definition
mineralized object, or stone, in a salivary gland
Term
stomaitis
Definition
inflammation of the mouth
Term
strangulated hernia
Definition
hernia which is constricted, which reduces blood flow to the organ
Term
umbilical hernia
Definition
protrusion of a loop of the intestine through the abdominal wall in the umbilical region
Term
uvulitis
Definition
inflammation of uvula
Term
volvulus
Definition
twisting of the intestine that leads to obstruction
Term
abdominocentesis
Definition
surgical puncture through the abdominal wall to remove fluid
Term
abdominoperineal resection
Definition
surgical removal of the colon and the rectum that includes entry through both the abdomen and perineum
Term
abdominoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the abdomen
Term
anoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the anus
Term
antacid
Definition
drug that neutralizes stomach acid
Term
antiemetic
Definition
drug that prevents or stops vomiting
Term
antispasmodic
Definition
drug that decreases peristalsis in the GI tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea
Term
appendectomy
Definition
surgical removal, or excision of the appendix
Term
barium enema
Definition
enema that contains barium
Term
cathartic
Definition
drug that stimulates peristalsis of the colon
Term
celiotomy
Definition
incision into the abdominal cavity
Term
celiorraphy
Definition
suturing of the lip
Term
cholangiogram
Definition
x-ray image of the bile duct between the liver, gallbladder, and duodenum
Term
cholecystectomy
Definition
excision of the gallbladder
Term
cholecystogram
Definition
x-ray image of the gaallbladder
Term
choledocholithotomy
Definition
incision into the common bile duct
Term
colectomy
Definition
excision of the colon
Term
colonoscopy
Definition
visual exam of the colon
Term
colostomy
Definition
surgical creation of an opening into the colon by way of the abdominal wall, creates artifical anus
Term
divericulectomy
Definition
excision of an abnormal pouch in the intestinal wall
Term
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Definition
endoscopic prodcedure that includes x-ray fluoroscopy to visualize the ducts of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Term
endoscopic ultrasound
Definition
diagnostic test used to elvaluate tumor progression
Term
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Definition
visual exam of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Term
esophagoscopy
Definition
visual exam of the esophagus
Term
fecal occult blood test
Definition
lab test performed to dectect blood in feces
Term
gastroectomy
Definition
surgical removal of any part of the stomach
Term
gastric lavage
Definition
cleansing procedure in which the stomach is rinsed with saline
Term
gastroenterology
Definition
field of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the stomach and small intestines
Term
gastroscopy
Definition
visual exam of the stomach
Term
gastrostomy
Definition
surgical creation of a new opening into the stomach
Term
gavage
Definition
feeding tube
Term
GI endoscopy
Definition
visual exam of the GI tract
Term
gingivectomy
Definition
surgical removal of diseased tissue in the gums
Term
glossrrhaphy
Definition
suturing of the tongue
Term
hemicolectomy
Definition
surgical excision of approx half the colon
Term
hemorriodectomy
Definition
surgical excision of hemorrhoids
Term
heptaobiliary
Definition
field of medicine that focuses on diseases of the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts
Term
herniorrhaphy
Definition
surgical repair of a hernia
Term
ileostomy
Definition
surgical opening through the abdominal wall into ileum to establish a secondary anus
Term
laparoscopy
Definition
visual exam of the abdominal cavity
Term
laparotomy
Definition
incision into the abdomen
Term
palatoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the palate
Term
polypectomy
Definition
surgical excision of a polyp
Term
proctology
Definition
field of medicine that focuses on the treatment of diseases of the rectum and anus
Term
proctoscopy
Definition
visual exam of the anus
Term
pyloroplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the pylorous region
Term
sigmoidascopy
Definition
visual exam of the sigmoid colon
Term
stool culture and sensitivity
Definition
collection of a fecal sample and the growth of microorganisms from the sample in a culture to identify a pathogenic cause of disease
Term
upper GI series
Definition
dx x-ray images of the stomach and dudenum following administration of barium as a radiopaque contrast medium
Term
uvulectomy
Definition
surgical excision of the uvula
Term
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of uvula, palate, and pharynx
Term
vagotomy
Definition
surgical dissection of branches of the vagus nerve
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