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1/3 skeletal muscle, 2/3 smooth muscle
peristalsis - rhythmic waves of muscle contraction
cardiac sphincter - ring of smooth muscle preventing food in stomach from coming back into esophagus |
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villi - fingerlike projections w/ microvilli on plasma membrane
* greatly increases surface area >> better absorption
* brush border enzymes in epithelial membrane
nutrients go into capillaries, to hepatic portal vein |
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-sac part of digestive tract
* can expand due to folds on interior
* extra layer of smooth muscle for churning food, mixing w/ gastric juice
o parietal cells - secrete hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor (for red blood cells)
o chief cells - secrete pepsinogen (weak protease)
* only proteins digested in stomach
* kills most of bacteria w/ acid, survivors go on to live in large intestine
* ulcer - acid eating hole through stomach wall
* pyloric sphincter - leads to small intestine |
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| A tiny lymph vessel extending into the core of an intestinal villus and serving as the destination for absorbed chylomicrons. |
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| A digestive tract consisting of a tube running between a mouth and an anus. |
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bile - contains bile pigments, bile salts
o bile pigments from destruction of red blood cells
o jaundice - when bile pigments can’t leave liver
o bile salts - break down fat droplets in duodenum
o gallstone - formed by hardened cholesterol, blocks bile duct |
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| A category of hormones secreted by the wall of the duodenum. |
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is an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide maltose.
In most cases, it is equivalent to alpha-glucosidase, but the term "maltase" emphasizes the disaccharide nature of the substrate from which glucose is cleaved, and "alpha-glucosidase" emphasizes the bond, whether the substrate is a disaccharide or polysaccharide
enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the disaccharide maltose to the simple sugar glucose. The enzyme is found in plants, bacteria, and yeast; in humans and other vertebrates it is thought to be synthesized by cells of the mucous membrane lining the intestinal wall. During digestion, starch is partially transformed into maltose by the pancreatic or salivary enzymes called amylases; maltase secreted by the intestine then converts maltose intoglucose. The glucose so produced is either utilized by the body or stored in the liver as glycogen (animal starch). |
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| The process that keeps tiny fat droplets from coalescing. |
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| The middle section of the small intestine primarily involved in the absorption of nutrients and water. |
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| (1) Rhythmic waves of contraction of smooth muscle that push food along the digestive tract. (2) A type of movement on land produced by rhythmic waves of muscle contractions passing from front to back, as in many annelids. |
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| An enzyme that hydrolyzes fat molecules in the intestinal lumen. |
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Definition
| A salivary gland enzyme that hydrolyzes starch. |
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| The wastes of the digestive tract. |
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| A hormone released from the walls of the duodenum in response to the presence of amino acids or fatty acids. |
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Definition
| The tubular portion of the vertebrate alimentary tract between the small intestine and the anus; functions mainly in water absorption and the formation of feces. |
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| precursor enzymes that must be activated, this form prevents stomach from digesting itself |
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Definition
| An enzyme found in the duodenum. It is specific for peptide bonds adjacent to certain amino acids. |
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Definition
| a slippery secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes |
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Definition
-pouch found at beginning of large intestine in some organisms for digesting cellulose
-digestion of cellulose in cecum |
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