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digestive system
test fo GI
105
Anatomy
Professional
10/29/2011
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Term
 Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?
 Definition
LIVER
Term
Ingestion refers to the
 Definition
input of food into the digestive tract.
Term
The mucous epithelium is a component of the
 Definition
mucosa
Term
Contraction of the ________ layer of the intestinal wall functions to change the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves food through its length.
 Definition
muscularis
Term
The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold some of the visceral organs in their proper position.
 Definition
mesenteries
Term
The beginning and end of the digestive tract is lined by
 Definition
stratified squamous epithelium.
Term
A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in the
 Definition
 anal canal.
 esophagus.
 oral cavity.
 oropharynx.
Term
The movement of nutrients through the wall of the digestive tract is called
 Definition
absorption.
Term
The layer of the digestive wall immediately beneath the epithelium is the
 Definition
lamina propria.
Term
The largest of the salivary glands is(are) the
 Definition
parotid glands
Term
Teeth used to bite off the tips of food are the
 Definition
incisors.
Term
The salivary glands that produce secretions rich in salivary amylase are the
 Definition
parotid glands.
Term
The root of a tooth is covered with
 Definition
cementum.
Term
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
 Definition
mouth.
Term
Salivary amylase functions to digest
 Definition
carbohydrates.
Term
The enzyme amylase helps to digest
 Definition
complex carbohydrates.
Term
Chewing is called
 Definition
mastication.
Term
________ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity.
 Definition
Three
Term
The ________ gland empties into the upper regions of the oral cavity.
 Definition
parotid
Term
Functions of the tongue include
 Definition
 mechanical processing of food.
manipulation of food.
 sensory analysis of food.
Term
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
 Definition
mouth
Term
The portion of a tooth that is similar to bone and is living tissue is
 Definition
dentin.
Term
The root of a tooth is anchored by
 Definition
periodontal ligaments
Term
What is worn away if someone has a "cavity"?
 Definition
enamel.
Term
Secretions from the salivary glands
 Definition
help to control bacterial populations in the mouth.
 help to lubricate the oral cavity and its contents.
Term
The roof of the oral cavity is formed by the
 Definition
palate
Term
The space between the tongue and the teeth is called the
 Definition
vestibule.
Term
The ________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or chopping.
 Definition
incisors
Term
The ________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and shredding.
 Definition
cuspids
Term
The ________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for
 Definition
molars
Term
The enzyme amylase digests
 Definition
carbs
Term
The first place in which chemical digestion takes place is the
 Definition
oral cavity.
Term
A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would
 Definition
interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
Term
The first place mechanical digestion takes place is the
 Definition
oral cavity
Term
The main part of the stomach is called the
 Definition
body.
Term
Gastrin causes
 Definition
increases in the secretion of gastric glands.
Term
Functions of the stomach include
 Definition
A) storage of recently ingested food.
B) mechanical breakdown of food.
C) denaturation of proteins.
D) initiation of protein digestion.
Term
Parietal cells secrete
 Definition
hydrochloric acid.
Term
Chief cells secrete
 Definition
 pepsinogen.
Term
The portion of the stomach that lies in contact with the diaphragm is the
 Definition
fundus.
Term
The first portion of the stomach that food enters is the
 Definition
cardia.
Term
The largest section of the stomach is the
 Definition
body.
Term
The lesser omentum is
 Definition
a sheet of connective tissue that attaches the stomach to the liver and pancreas.
Term
Rugae are
 Definition
submucosal ridges in the stomach.
Term
During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion
 Definition
there is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.
Term
The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by
 Definition
the entry of food into the stomach.
Term
Which of the following foods will spend the most time in the stomach?
 Definition
steak
Term
Which of the following is a function of HCl in the stomach?
 Definition
A) denaturing proteins
B) destroying bacteria
C) activating pepsinogen
Term
Gastrin is released in response to
 Definition
proteins, alcohol, and caffeine.
Term
Persons who have undergone a total gastrectomy can survive because the stomach's only
 Definition
secretion of intrinsic factor.
Term
Modification of the submucosa of the small intestine that allow for expansion of the organ are the
 Definition
plicae.
Term
In visceral smooth muscle,
 Definition
when one muscle cell contracts, the contraction spreads as a wave through the whole tissue
Term
Sections of muscular contractions that mix the contents of the small intestine are called
 Definition
segmentations.
Term
Cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall is stimulated by the presence of
 Definition
fats and protein in the duodenum.
Term
Plicae and intestinal villi
 Definition
increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.
Term
Intestinal enteroendocrine cells
 Definition
secrete chemicals that control other digestive organs.
Term
Absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by
 Definition
A) plicae.
B) villi.
C) microvilli.
D) intestinal movements.
Term
The portion of the small intestine that is attached to the pylorus of the stomach is the
 Definition
duodenum.
Term
The portion of the small intestine that performs most absorption is the
 Definition
jejunum.
Term
The longest portion of the small intestine is the
 Definition
ileum.
Term
An enzyme that will digest proteins into polypeptides is
 Definition
trypsin
Term
Increased parasympathetic stimulation of the intestine would result in
 Definition
none of the above
Term
The hormone secretin functions to
 Definition
stimulate the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas.
Term
Which of the following is a protein-splitting enzyme from the pancreas?
 Definition

trypsin

 
Term
The liver functions to
 Definition
A) form glucose from noncarbohydrates.
B) store vitamins.
C) destroy damaged RBC.
D) produce bile.
Term
A characteristic common of all protein-digesting enzymes is
 Definition
C) secretion in an inactive form.
Term
An intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery secretion that is high in bicarbonate ion is
 Definition
secretin.
Term
An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gall bladder to release bile is
 Definition
cholecystokinin
Term
An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is
 Definition
GIP
Term
The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s).
 Definition
four
Term
The fusion of the hepatic duct with the cystic duct forms the
 Definition
common bile duct.
Term
In the center of a liver lobule there is a
 Definition
central vein.
Term
The basic functional units of the liver are the
 Definition
lobules.
Term
________ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of plates radiating outward from a central vein.
 Definition
Hepatocytes
Term
Bile is produced in the
 Definition
liver.
Term
 Decreased levels of bile salts in the bile would interfere with
 Definition
fat digestion.
Term
Which of the following stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas?
 Definition
GIP
Term
Which of the following NEVER comes in physical contact with ingested food?
 Definition
pancreatic wall
Term
Bile salts are responsible for the digestion and absorption of
 Definition
fats.
Term
A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affect
 Definition
the composition of pancreatic secretions.
Term
An obstruction of the cystic duct would result in
 Definition
jaundice
Term
Tom is suffering from hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in Tom?
 Definition
jaundice
Term
Which of the following is a major action of the large intestine?
 Definition
jaundice
Term
During the defecation reflex, the
 Definition
diaphragm is lowered.
Term
Functions of the large intestine include
 Definition
reabsorption of water and compaction of feces.
Term
After the splenic flexure, the colon becomes the
 Definition
descending colon.
Term
The taeniae coli are
 Definition
three longitudinal bands of muscle located beneath the serosa of the colon.
Term
An expanded chamber in the region of the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the
 Definition
cecum
Term
Which of the following is faster?
 Definition
the normal rate of peristalsis in the small intestine
Term
Major regions of the large intestine include the
 Definition
cecum, colon, and rectum
Term
Nutrients generally absorbed by the large intestine are
 Definition
A) electrolytes.
B) water.
Term
Which of the following changes in the digestive system occurs with advancing age?
 Definition
A) a decrease in smooth tone
B) weaker peristaltic contractions
C) a thinner epithelial lining
D) a reduction in epithelial stem cell division
Term
The first set of teeth to appear are the _________________________ teeth
 Definition
deciduous
Term
The secondary dentition usually contains _________________________ teeth.
 Definition
32
Term
A small, semisolid mass of food that is the result of proper chewing is called a(n)
 Definition
bolus
Term
The esophagus passes through a hole in the diaphragm called the
 Definition
esophageal hiatus
Term
Gastrin is released by _________________________ cells.
 Definition
enteroendocrine (G)
Term
Intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of _________________________
 Definition
Vitamin B12
Term
The compound necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 is called
 Definition
intrinsic factor
Term
Most digestion takes place in the _________________________.
 Definition
small intestine
Term
Bile salts aid in the digestion of fats by _________________________ large fat droplets.
 Definition
emulsifying
Term
_________________________ helps to regulate the pH of pancreatic secretions.
 Definition
Bicarbonate
Term
The _________________________ ligament marks the division between the left and right lobes of the liver.
 Definition
falciform
Term
Removal of water and reduction of chyme volume is called _________________________.
 Definition
compaction
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