Term
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Definition
| The process of physically and chemically breaking food particles down is referred to as? |
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Term
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Definition
| The oral cavity is separated from the nasal cavity by the hard and soft what? |
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Term
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Definition
| The innermost layer of the alimentary canal is referred to as? |
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Term
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Definition
| The two instrinsic nerve plexuses serving the alimentary canal are the what? |
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Term
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Definition
| The upper, expanded part of the stomach lateral to the cardiac region is called the what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Large wrinkle-like folds in the stomach lining, present when the stomach is empty, that allow for expansion when the stomach is filling are called what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Instrinsic factor, produced by cells in the stomach, is necessary for the absoprtion of vitamin ------------- in the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| The shortest region of the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| The fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase the surface area |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The rich capillary bed and modified lymphatic capillary found within each villus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells abundant within the large intestine that produce largea mounts of lubricating mucus to aid in the passage of feces to the end of the digestive tract. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Number of baby teeth a child has |
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Term
| The material on the outermost surface of the root that attaches a tooth to the periodontal membrane is called |
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Definition
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Term
| The enzyme produced by the salivary glands used in the breakdown of starches is |
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Definition
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Term
| Segementation is a type of mechanical digestion that occurs only where? |
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Definition
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Term
| When digestion is not occuring in the small intesting, bile is stored where? |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of eliminating indigestible residues from the GI tract is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Two hormones that promote the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intesting are? |
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Definition
| Secretin and cholecystokonin or CCK |
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Term
| The hormone responsible for promoting the release of pepsinogens, mucus, and hydrocholoric acid in the stomach is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Two items absorbed through the stomach walls |
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Definition
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Term
| Hydrochloric acis is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen into it's active protein-digesting form called |
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Definition
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Term
| The chemcical responsible for about half of protein digestion and all of fat digestion is; |
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Definition
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Term
| When feces are forced into the rectum by mass movements and the wall of the rectum becomes stretched, the ---------- is initiated |
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Definition
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Term
| The energy value of foods is measured in uints called; |
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Definition
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Term
| The minor nutrients consist of; |
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Definition
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Term
| A chemical reaction in which substances are broken down into simpler substances is referred to as; |
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Definition
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Term
| The major fuel for making ATP in most cells of the body is a type of carbohydrate known as glucose |
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Definition
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Term
| The specific metabolic pathway of cellular respiration in which virtually all carbon dioxide is made is the; |
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Definition
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Term
| Fat oxidation products can acidify the blod, a condition know as; |
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Definition
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Term
| The polysaccharide, glycogen, is formed from the combination of thousands of glucose molecules during a process called; |
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Definition
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Term
| The lipoprotein that transports cholesterol and other lipids to body cells is called; |
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Definition
| Low density lipoprotein - LDL |
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Term
| The total amount of kilocalories the body must consume to fuel all ongoing activities, which increases dramatically during physical exertion, is called; |
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Definition
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Term
| The reflex that helps babies hold onto a breast or bottle and swallow is; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not associated with the mouth |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following represents the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary cancal; |
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Definition
| Mouth, pharynx, esophogus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
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Term
| The structure that forms the anterior roof of the mouth is the; |
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Definition
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Term
| The fold of mucous membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its posterior movement is called the; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is continuous with the esphogus; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is the moist innermost layer that lines the alimentary canal; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is the moist innermost layer that lines the alimentary canal; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is the moist innermost layer that lines the alimentary canal; |
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Definition
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Term
| The submucosal of myenteric nerve plexus that help regulate the mobility and secretory activity of the GI tract organs are both part of the |
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Definition
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Term
| Gastrin is produced in the stomach by |
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Definition
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Term
| The realease of food from the stomach into the samll intestine is regulated by the; |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein digestion begins in the; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following modifications increases surface are in the small intestine with fingerlike extensions of the mucosa; |
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Definition
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Term
| The small intestine extends from; |
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Definition
| The pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve |
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Term
| What two organs release secretions into the duodenum of the small intestine; |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes and bile are carried by the pancreatic duct and bile duct into the; |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary function of the small intestine is; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a modification which is designed to increase surface area for absorption within the small intestine; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a subdivision of the large intestine; |
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Definition
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Term
| The organ responsible for drying out indigestible food residue through water absorption and the elimination of feces is the; |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of mastication; |
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Definition
| To chew, grind and tear food into smaller pieces while in the mouth. |
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Term
| Amylase is an enzyme that is only able to digest; |
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Definition
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Term
| The number of permanent teeth within a full set of adult teeth is; |
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Definition
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Term
| The anterior chisel-shaped teeth that are adapted for cutting are called; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which accessory digestive organ is situated retroperitoneal; |
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Definition
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Term
| Bile is produced by the ------------- but stored in the; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which tube brings bile directly back into the gallbladder for storage when there is no digestion ocurring in the duodenum; |
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Definition
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Term
| The sequence of steps by which large food molecules are broken down into their respective building blocks by catalytic enzymes whithin hydrolysis reactionsi called; |
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Definition
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Term
| The propulsive process that moves food from one organ to the next is called; |
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Definition
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Term
| The process by which food within the small intestine is mixed with digestive juices by backward and forward movement across the internal wall of the organ is called; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one of the following is not one of the carbohydrates that the human digestive system is able to break down to simple sugars; |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins are digested to their building blocks which are called; |
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Definition
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Term
| Transport of digested end products from the lumen of the GI tract into the bloodstream or lymphatic fluid is called; |
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Definition
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Term
| Digestion is primarily controlled by the; |
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Definition
| Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system |
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Term
| Which of these events describes a chemical breakdown of food; |
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Definition
| Enzyme action of maltase acting on starch to break it down into maltose |
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Term
| The first nutrient to be chemically digested is; |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of swallowing is also known as; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following alimentary segments has no digestive function; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which digestive system organ is the target of gastrin; |
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Definition
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Term
| Pepsin is necessary for the stomach to break down; |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the enterogastric reflex accomplish; |
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Definition
| Slows the emptying of the stomach contents |
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Term
| The enzyme responsible for converting milk protein in the stomach to a substance that looks like sour milk in infants is; |
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Definition
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Term
| The journey of chyme through the small intestine takes; |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzyme-rich pancreatic juice contains all the following except; |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzyme-rich pancreatic juice contains all the following except; |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzyme-rich pancreatic juice contains all the following except; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following influence the release of pancreatic juice and bile; |
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Definition
| Cholecystokonin and secretin |
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Term
| Which of the following is not absorbed by the human large intestine; |
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Definition
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Term
| The energy value of foods commonly counted by dieters is measured in units called; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following foods would be most mineral-rich |
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Definition
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Term
| The process by which larger molecules or structures are built up from smaller ones is called; |
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Definition
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Term
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced in greatest quantity during; |
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Definition
| The electron transport chain |
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Term
| Which of the following chemical reactions performed by the liver creates sugars from non-carbohydrate sources as fats and proteins; |
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Definition
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Term
| Ketoacidosis results from the incomplete breakdown of; |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one of the following is not a main role of the liver; |
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Definition
| To add ammonia to the blood |
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Term
| Nutrients detour through the liver via the; |
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Definition
| Hepatic portal circulation |
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Term
| Which of the following is not true of cholesterol; |
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Definition
| It provides energy fuel for muscle contraction |
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Term
| The hereditary inability of tissue cells to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine, which can result in brain damage and retardation unless a special diet low in phenylalanine is followed, is; |
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Definition
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Term
| The functions of the alimentary canal include ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defacation. |
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Definition
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Term
| the rythmic wavelike propelling mechanism of the alimentary canal is called peristalsis. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of mastication is simply known as chewing. |
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Definition
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Term
| The innermost layer of the serosa is called the perital peritoneum. |
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Definition
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Term
| The lacy apron t=of the peritoneum that covers the abdominal organs is called the lesser omentum. |
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Definition
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Term
| The stomach has two muscle layers like all other digestive organs, longitudinal and circular, in the muscular externa. |
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Definition
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Term
| The stomach has two muscle layers like all other digestive organs, longitudinal and circular, in the muscular externa. |
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Definition
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Term
| The small intestine runs from the pyloric sphincter to the ileoccecal valve. |
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Definition
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Term
| The villi, microvilli, and circular folds of the large intestine all increase the surface area. |
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Definition
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Term
| Peyer's patches associates with the small intestine prevent overwhelming amounts of bacteria from entering the blood stream. |
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Definition
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Term
| The large intestine extends from the pyloric sphincter to the anus. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ascending colon is found on the left side of the abdominal cavity. |
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Definition
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Term
| The segment of the colon to which the appendix is attached is the cecum. |
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Definition
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Term
| The anal canal has a voluntary sphincter formed by smooth muscle only. |
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Definition
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Term
| Small pocketlike sacs within the large intestine that most often are partially contracted are called haustra. |
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Definition
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Term
| the enamel found on teeth is heavily mineralized with calcium salts and comprises the hardest substance within the entire body. |
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Definition
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Term
| Wisdom teeth typically emerge later in life around age 30-40. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pancreatic enzymes are released into the stomach to break down all categories of digestible foods. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bile is produced by the liver but stored by the gallbladder. |
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Definition
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Term
| Digestive activities are mostly controlled by reflexes of the parasympathetic nervous system. |
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Definition
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Term
| The involuntary phase of swallowing is called the buccal phase. |
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Definition
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Term
| Diverticulosis occurs when mucosa becomes inflamed and protrude through the wall of the small intestine. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes of the microvilli are called brush border enzymes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Absence of either bile or pancreatic juice indicates that no fat digestion or absorption is ocurring. This can lead to blod-clotting problems because the liver needs vitamin K to makee prothrombin. |
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Definition
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Term
| Secretin and cholecystokonin influence the relase of both pancreatic juice and bile. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteria in the small intestine make some vitamins, such as some B and K. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mass movements are slow-moving contractile waves that move over large areas of the colon three or four times each day. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sugars and starches are classified as lipids |
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Definition
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Term
| Anabolism is the process in which larger colecules are built from smaller ones |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins are broken down into building blocks known as amino acids by the digestive system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Optimal health of tissues is achieved when HDL and LDL are present in equal amounts within the bloodstream. |
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Definition
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Term
| The body's thermostat, which constantly regulates body temperature, is located within the hypothalamus. |
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Definition
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Term
| Watery stools that resule when food residue is rushed through the large intestine before sufficient water has been reabsorbed, causing dehydration and electrolyte imbalance is called constipation. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Primary site of water absorption |
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Definition
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Term
| Site where starch digestion begins |
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Definition
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Term
| Tube through which food is propelled but no digestion takes place |
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Definition
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Term
| Site where protein digestion begins |
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Definition
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Term
| Site where protein digestion begins |
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Definition
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Term
| Site where pancreatic enzymes and bile enter the alimentary canal. |
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Definition
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Term
| Site of vitamin K synthesis by bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Site where defecation reflex is initiated. |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver. |
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Definition
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Term
| Larger molecules are built from smaller ones. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fats and proteins are broken down into glucose. |
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Definition
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Term
| Complex substances are broken down into simpler substances. |
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Definition
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Term
| Stored glycogen is broken down into glucose. |
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Definition
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