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Digestive System
Structure & function.
71
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/06/2010
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Term
Digestive tract.
 Definition
Long tube that leads from the mouth, through the neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis finishing at the anus.
Term
Contents of the digestive tract are found ____________ the body.
 Definition
outside
Term
To enter circulation, contents must be absorbed through the __________ (the lining of the digestive tract).
 Definition
mucosa
Term
Function of the digestive tract.
 Definition
Digestion
Term
Digestive enzymes are added in duodenum from the _______________ glands, the ______________ duct and the ____________________ duct.
 Definition
duodenal; pancreatic; common bile
Term
The _________ and the _________ are lined with mucosa to absorb broken down food into the blood stream.
 Definition
jejunum; ileum
Term
Most of the water in the lumen is absorbed in this.
 Definition
Large intestine
Term
In the mouth there are ___ salivary glands.
 Definition
3
Term
The salivary glands found in the mouth are:
 Definition
the parotid, submaxillary, subligual
Term
The _____ and _________ systems control the digestive tract.
 Definition
endocrine; automatic nervous system
Term
The three layers of mucosa.
 Definition

  1. Epithelium
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Muscularis mucosa
Term
The esophogus, mouth, pharynx and anal canal are lined with _________ epithelium.
 Definition
stratified squamous
Term
The stomach has ___________ epithelium with long tubular glands that secrete _______________ and ___________ enzymes.
 Definition
secretory; hydrochloric acid; digestive
Term
The small intestine is lined with __________ epithelium.
 Definition
absorptive
Term
Fingerlike projections found in the small intestine.
 Definition
Villi.
Term
The large intestine is lined with _______________/______________ epithelium.
 Definition
absorptive; protective
Term
Water absorbing cells that line the large intestine and secrete mucous enabling feces to pass smoothly.
 Definition
Goblet cells.
Term
The lamina propria contain lymphoid tissue in the jejunum and ileum which is called ___________.
 Definition
Peyers patches.
Term
The _____________ is composed of loose connective tissues containing nerve plexuses.
 Definition
submucosa
Term
Submucosal glands in the duodenum.
 Definition
Brunners glands.
Term
The _____________ is composed of two layers of smooth muscle.
 Definition
muscularis
Term
The two layers of smooth muscle that make up the muscularis.
 Definition

  1. Inner circular layer
  2. Outer longitudinal layer
Term
The layers of smooth muscle composing the muscularis are responsible for ___________ (the contractile wave of motion that moves contents down the lumen).
 Definition
peristalsis
Term
Peristalsis is controlled by the ____________________.
 Definition
automatic nerve system
Term
The outer layer of loose connective tissue of the digestive tract.
 Definition
Adventitia
Term
In the abdomino-pelvic cavity, the adventitia is lined with _____________ epithelium known as the ______________.
 Definition
simple squamous; visceral peritomeum
Term
The muscular tube that hangs down from the base of the occipital bone in front of the cervical vertibrae.
 Definition
Pharynx
Term
The pharynx communicates with the _________, ___________ and ____________.
 Definition
nasal cavity; mouth; larynx
Term
The pharynx can be divided into the _________, ___________ and ______________.
 Definition
nasopharynx; oropharynx; laryngopharynx
Term
The three layers of tissue that make up the pharynx.
 Definition

  1. Mucosa
  2. Fibrous
  3. Muscular
Term
Length of the nasopharynx
 Definition
5 cm
Term
The nasopharynx opens anteriorly into the nasal cavity via the ______________.
 Definition
choanae
Term
The nasopharynx communicates with the ear via the ___________ tube.
 Definition
tympanic (eustacian)
Term
The oropharynx extends from the _____________ down to the ____________.
 Definition
soft palate; hyoid bone
Term
The oropharynx is connected to the mouth thrugh the ____________.
 Definition
fauces
Term
The layryngopharynx extends from the ____________ to the ____________.
 Definition
hyoid bone; esophogus
Term
The opening to the larynx is located in the wall of the proximal laryngopharynx and is protected by the ________.
 Definition
epiglottis
Term
Another name for lymphoid tissue.
 Definition
Tonsils
Term
The three _________ form the primary defense mechanism against infection.
 Definition
tonsils
Term
The three types of tonsils.
 Definition

  1. Pharyngeal tonsil
  2. Palatine tonsils
  3. Linguil tonsils
Term
When the pharyngeal tonsils are infected they're known as ______________.
 Definition
adenoids
Term
The palatine tonsils sit on either side of the ________________.
 Definition
fauces
Term
The ______________ tonsils rest on an extremely thick, fibrous base.
 Definition
palatine
Term
Small clusters of lymphoid tissue found on the posterior part of the tongue.
 Definition
Linguil tonsils
Term
The _________ connects the nasopharynx and middle ear.
 Definition
tympanic tube
Term
The tympanic tube is part of the ________ bone.
 Definition
temporal
Term
The tympanic tube is lined by ____________ and its lateral 2/3 is supported by _____________.
 Definition
mucosa; cartilage
Term
The vestible and oral cavity (mouth proper) make up the _________.
 Definition
mouth
Term
The vestible is lined by a ________________ and contains the opening of the duct of the _____________ gland.
 Definition
mucous membrane; parotid
Term
The parotid gland is located opposite the ______________.
 Definition
upper second molar
Term
The hard palate of the mouth is made up of the palantine processes of the ____________ and the two ______________.
 Definition
maxilla; palatine bones
Term
The floor of the mouth is lined with _________ and contains ducts of two _____________.
 Definition
mucosa; salivary glands
Term
Muscular organ with specialize mucosa.
 Definition
Tongue
Term
The muscles that make up the tongue.
 Definition

  1. Intrinsic muscles
  2. extrinsic muscles
Term
Intrinsic muscles make up the _______ of the tongue and consist of three fibres: (1) _____________, (2) ______________ and (3) __________________.
 Definition

body

  1. vertical
  2. horizontal
  3. transverse
Term
There are ________ extrinsic muscles that help control the movement of the tongue.
 Definition
four
Term
The tongue is covered with a specialized mucosa containing specialized processes: _____________.
 Definition
papillae
Term
Papillae are most concentrated on the ______ and _______ of the tongue.
 Definition
top; side
Term
The tongue is tethered to the floor of the mouth by the _____________. 
 Definition
frenulum
Term
V shaped groove of the tongue.
 Definition
Sulcus terminalis
Term
The three salivary glands.
 Definition

  1. Parotid
  2. Submandibular
  3. Sublingual
Term
The parotid gland secretes ___________________.
 Definition
a serous liquid
Term
The submandibular gland secretes a mixed _________ and _________ fluid.
 Definition
serous; mucous
Term
The parotid gland is controlled by which nerve.
 Definition
Cranial Nerve IX
Term
The submandibular and sublingual glands are controlled by this nerve.
 Definition
Cranial nerve VII
Term
Each half of the jaw contains these teeth.
 Definition

  • 2 incisors
  • 1 canine
  • 2 pre-molars
  • 3 molars
Term
The upper jaw is innervated by the _______________.
 Definition
maxillary nerve (V)
Term
The lower jaw is innervated by the _______________.
 Definition
mandibular nerve (V)
Term
The _____________ is a muscular tube carrying food from the pharynx to the stomach.
 Definition
esphogus
Term
The esophagus enters the abdomen by penetrating the diaphragm at _____.
 Definition
T10
Term
To the left of the esophagus is the ___________ nerve; to the right of the esophagus is the ___________ nerve.
 Definition
left vagus nerve; right vagus nerve
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