Term
| what is another name for carbohydrates? and what does carbohydrates break down too? |
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Definition
| polysaccarides, simple sugars(such as glucose) |
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Term
| anything that involves dna and rna in the live organs have what type of macromolecules. |
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Definition
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Term
| what does protein break down too? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does lipid break down too? |
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Definition
| triglyceride(glycerol, free fatty acid) |
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Term
| what does nucleic acid breakdown to? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is another name for digestive system |
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Definition
| alimentary canal or gi tract |
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Term
| break down the alimentary canal. |
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Definition
| mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intenstine, and large intenstine |
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Term
| break down the accesory digestive organs |
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Definition
| teeth, tongue, galbladder, salivary glands, liver and pancreas |
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Term
| placing the food in the mouth is considered? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the mouths role in the digestive system? |
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Definition
| mechanically breaking down the food, increasing the surface area so alot enymzes in the oral cavity breaking down the food |
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Term
| how long can the food hold up in the stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
| is the stomach acidic or alkaline? |
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Definition
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Term
| what part of the digestive system has a lot of villi and microvilli? |
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Definition
| small intenstine, designed for absorbtion and principles of complementary |
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Term
| where is there water absorption and vitamin K production? |
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Definition
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Term
| the teeths, tongue, salivary glands role in the digestive system is? |
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Definition
| grinding, chewing, massication, tongue is bringing down the smaller foods in the digestive system, salivary glands produce salivary |
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Term
| what are the 6 essential activties in the digestive process, and break them down. |
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Definition
| ingestion - taking food into the digestive tract, propulsion - swallowing and peristalsis, mechanical digestion - chewing, mixing and churning food, chemical digestion - catabolic breakdown of food. absorption - movement of nutrients from the gi tract to the lymph or blood. defacation - elimination of indigestible wastes |
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Term
| from the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of the gi tract have how many tunics? describe them |
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Definition
| four, the same tunics, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa |
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Term
| salivary glands produce and secrete saliva that |
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Definition
| cleanses the mouth, moistens and dissolves food chemicals, aids in bolus formation, contains enzymes that break down starch |
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Term
| what are the three type of extrinsic salivary glands |
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Definition
| parotid, sublingual, submandibular gland |
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Term
| chemical breakdown of proteins begins and food is converted to |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of the stomach? |
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Definition
| mixing of food, secretion, little absorbtion |
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Term
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Definition
| enyzmes that helps break down carbohydrate |
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Term
| what affects protein enzymes? |
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Definition
| salt concentration, ph, and temperature |
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Term
| what are the several type of cells in the stomach? |
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Definition
| surface mucous cells, mucous neck cells, parietal cells(produce HcL), chief cells(produce pepsinogen) endocrine cells(gastrin) |
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Term
| what is the small intenstines function and gross anatomy? |
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Definition
| major site of absorption and digestion. it connects stomach with large intenstine, three parts of jujunem, duodenum, and ileum. bile duct and pancreatic duct empty into duodenum |
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Term
| what are the histological features of the small intenstine? |
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Definition
| mucosal epithelium: simple columnar , w/specialized cells. absorptive cells with microvilli, goblet cells, produce mucus, granulate cells, endocrine cells(cck. gastrin and secretin) |
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Term
| what is the function of the large intenstine/ |
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Definition
| absorbtion of water and salts. secretion of mucuous |
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Term
| what does the celaphic phase tell us about the excitatory or inhibotory events |
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Definition
| that through excitatory events, comes from site or thought of food and stimulation of taste or small receptors, whereas the inhibitory events include , loss of appetite or depression, decrease in stimulation of the parasymphatetic division. |
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Term
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Definition
| serous membrane of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| covers external surface of most digestive organs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| tell me about peritoneal activity. |
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Definition
| it lubricates digestive organs. allows them to slide accross one another |
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Term
| what is the double layer of peritoneam that provdes vascular and nerve supply to the viscera. a means to hold digestive organs and store fat |
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Definition
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Term
| tell me about the gastric phase excitatory events |
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Definition
| stomach distention(enlargement), activation of stretch receptors(neural actvation), activation of chemoreceptors by peptides caffeine, and rising ph, release of gastrin to the blood |
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Term
| tell me about the gastric phase inhiitory events |
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Definition
| a ph lower than 2. emotional upset that overides the parasymphatetic division |
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Term
| tell me about the intenstinal phase. |
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Definition
there is two phases , excitatory and inhibitory. excitatory is low ph, partial digested food enters the duodenom and enourages gastic gland activity.
inhibitory - prescence of fatty, acidic food or hypertonic chyme and or irritants. distention of the duodenom |
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Term
| how is intenstinal juice secreted? |
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Definition
| by the distention or irritation of the mucosa |
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Term
| is intenstinal juice alkaline or acidic? |
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Definition
| it is slightly alkaline and isotonic with blood plasma |
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Term
| is intenstinal juice enzyme rich or poor? largely water or not? and contains mucus or not? |
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Definition
| enymze poor, largely water and contains mucuous |
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Term
| bile leaves the liver via |
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Definition
| bile duct, which fuse into the hepatic ducts. the common hepatic duct |
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Term
| why is the small intestine well adapted for absorption? |
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Definition
| the interior of the small intenstine has a huge surface area due to the presence of villi and microvilli |
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Term
| what stimulates the galbladder to contract? |
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Definition
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Term
| in terms of digestion, the large intenstines role is |
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Definition
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Term
| the majority of enzymes for chemical digestion is being secreted from organ of? |
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Definition
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