Term
| What does digestive system do |
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Definition
| The digestive system is a group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed our bodys tissues |
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Term
| Process involved in digestion |
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Definition
Ingestion
Propulsion
Secretion
Mechanical digestion
Absorption
Defecation |
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Term
| What is Ingestion and what processes dose it involve |
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Definition
Ingestion is the process of eating
Involves: Mouth and salivary glands, teeth, Tongue, and oropharynx |
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Term
| What is propulsion and what it involves. |
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Definition
| Is the Movement of food along digestive tract. Using the Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, Stomach, and S&L Intestine. |
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Term
| What is Propulsion Composed of |
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Definition
Peristalsis: The Involuntary waves of contraction that push food to the end of GI tract. Contracting and relaxing of smooth muscle lines is key!
segmentation: Involuntary forward and backward waves that mix food. |
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Term
| Passage of food through Digestive tract |
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Definition
| Food passes through esophagus. The esophageal sphincter contracts and segmentaion begins the end sphincter is relaxed to let food fall into the stomach, Sphincters prevent backflow |
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Term
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Definition
| Secretions of digestive enzymes and other substances that liquefying and adjust the ph and chemically breaks down food |
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Term
| gastrointestinal secretions |
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Definition
Single cell mucous glands and goblet cells
Pit glands: In sub mucosa and small intestine
Deep Tubular Glands: These are found in the stomach , the gastric glands,upper duodenum, brunners glands,
Complex glands: Salivary glands pancreacs and liver |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of physically breaking down food into small bits, Starts with chewing, continues with stomach churning, and more churning occurs in the small intestins, due to segmentaion back and forth motion |
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Term
| Steps to mechanical digestion |
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Definition
Grinding of food by teeth
Salivary glands make saliva wich contains amylase, breaks down starch iotno maltose |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of chemically breaking down food into simple molecules. Carried out by enzymes in mouth stomach and small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
Is the movement of molecules by diffusion or active transport, to blood and lymph vessels.
Entrance of digested food that now is nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of eliminating undigested material through rectum |
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Term
| How is digestive system organized |
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Definition
Food passes through the GI tract contain: Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestines, and Large intestine.
Accessory Organs Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
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Term
| Oral cavity and mouth Composed of |
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Definition
Primary Function: Break down, moisten food start chemical digestion
Teeth Mechnical Digestion
Salivary Glands Produce amylase to start chemical digestion |
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Term
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Definition
32 teeth Distribuited 2-1-2-3
2 incisors
1 canine
2 pre molars
3 molars |
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Term
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Definition
2 top parts: Crown and Root
Outer covering: Enamel
Below is Dentin
Inner most: Pulp
Primary and perment teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| Salivary Glands are exocrine glands that produce saliva, which moistens the food and helps one chew, |
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Term
| Four Pairs of Salivary Glands |
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Definition
The parotid Glands located between the ear and jaw
Submandibular under the jaw
Sublingual Under the tongue
Buccal gland in the cheeks |
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Term
| How Saliva helps digestion |
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Definition
Provides moist enviorment for food to be dissolved
Contains Salivary Amylase, Enzyme that begins chemical digsstion of carbs
Saliva contains defensive solution igA |
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Term
| How are salivary glands built |
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Definition
Made up of secretory acini and ducts. 2 types: Serous and mucose The secretory units merge into discs linded bvy cuboidal, enable atctive transport out of duct.
Glands divided bt lobules |
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Term
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Definition
1. A serous acinus secrets proteins isotonic watery fluid
2. A mucous acinus secrets mucin-Lubricant
3. Mixed serous-mucos acinus, form layers around each other |
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Term
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Definition
| Hollow muscular tube that moves food and liquid from throat to stomach, several tissues. |
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Term
| The two esophagus Sphincters |
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Definition
The upper esophageal sphincter (UES: Ciruclar bundle of muscles at the top, voluntary contole, used when breathing, eating, burping and vomiting. Keep food froming windpipe.
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)Circular muscular bundle at low end of esophagus where it meets stomach. Prevents acid and stoamchcontents from backflowing |
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Term
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Definition
The Cardia. smallest part of the stomach. It consists of the superior, medial portion of the stomach within 3 cm of the junction between the stomach and the esophagus. The fundus contacts the inferior, posterior surface of the diaphragm.
The Body. The area between the fundus and the curve of the J The body is the largest region of the stomach, and it functions as a mixing tank for ingested food and secretions produced (alot) in the stomach.
The Pylorus. The pylorus is the curve of the J. The pylorus is divided into a pyloric antrum which is connected to the body, and a pyloric canal which empties into the duodenum, As mixing movements occur pylorus changes shape. A muscular pyloric sphincter regulates the release of chyme into the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
Mucosa. The first and innermost layer, the mucosa, holds the glands that release digestive juices, called hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen.
Submucosa. The second layer, the submucosa, supports the mucosa. It is rich in blood vessels.
Muscularis. The third layer, the muscularis, contains muscles that help to mix food with the digestive juices. There are: outer longitudinal layer, middle circular layer, inner oblique layer
Serosa. The serosa is the last and outermost layer. It is the lining that wraps around the stomach to confine it. |
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Term
| secretion of different cells in mucosa |
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Definition
Parietal cells
Chief cells
Mucous neck cells
Enteronedocrine |
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Term
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Definition
| Pespine is released when food contains proteins, secreted by stomach, they help raise or lower ph levels |
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Term
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Definition
Shorets and widest part of small intestine forcs a big C 1. Superior
2. Descending 3. Horizontal 4. Ascending
Main task. Neutrilaztion of acidic gastric juice , Mechanical processing and digesting of chime, mixing bile, and absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| Jejunum is the second part of small intestine, located between duodenum and ileum, length 8.4 feet . The pH of the medium inside this part of gut may vary between neutral to slightly alkaline, i.e. 7 to 9. the specialized cells present in the lining of the canal that are actively involved in the absorption of small particles of food that were digested by enzymes in duodenum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ileum is the final section of small intestine continues off jejunum, and makes a connection with colon, Vary from 7 to 14 feet in length, and the pH same as that of jejunum Major function is to absorb any nutrients that were not absorbed in the preceding sections of the gut; particularly ibile salts and vitamins (vitamin B12). |
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Term
| Function of small intestine |
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Definition
Neutralization The partly digested food that is coming from stomach through pyloric opening is highly acidic, So as the first and foremost function of the gut, this medium is neutralized and the enzymes are made to act in the most efficient way.
Digestion the digestion of the remaining contents of chyme is accomplished here. Different secretions are poured into small gut, like bile and pancreatic juice that facilitate the overall process of breakdown to a greater extent, until the finally digested food particles are ready to be absorbed.
Absorption Among all the segments of intestine, this is the only portion where almost all of the absorption of digested food, vitamins and salts, takes place specialized cells enterocytes that facilitate the process of absorption. After entering the bloodstream, the food particles are delivered to all the living cells in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| One cell thick allows rapid diffusion rich blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
| TLarge meaty organ that sits on the right side of the abdomen. Protected by rib cage. Has right and left lobes, works with other organs to process food. |
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Term
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Definition
| Liver filters the blood coming from digestive tract before going out to the rest of body. Also detoxifies chemicals and removes drugs,secrets bile |
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Term
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Definition
| Liver cells or Hepatocytes produce bile, this is transported out of the cells into small bile ducts, and into the gallbladder where its stored later for fat breakdown fast food! Hepatocytes are arranged in plates to form the first channel of biliary system. Blood flows from hepatic veins and artery inferior vena cava |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of channels and ducts the conveys bile from the lier to small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bile salts secreted by liber have hydrophobic and hydrophilic side attach to gfat emulsyfing them micelles |
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Term
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Definition
| Located behind stomach in back of abdomen. Sponge and fish shaped, The head is the largets part and is attached where stomach is attached to small intestine Tail or body is the narrowing part duct runs through pancreas end of duct is connected to simmiler duct that comes from liver and deliers bile to duodenum |
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Term
| Pancreas digestive function |
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Definition
two main types of tissue: Exocrine and endocrine 95% is exocrine tissue that produces enzymes, reminder is endocrine cells these regulate secreations and control blood sugar
After food enters duodenum exocrine tissues secret mizture of juices that break down food into small mouluces
Trypsin to digest protein
Amylase ti break down carbs
Lipase for fats/ fatty acids |
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Term
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Definition
two steps to break down fat into usable fatty acids and lipids
First: Begins when oils enter the duodenum, where bile salts from gall bladder are secreted, act like a detergent to break up the fats
Secondly the pancreas relases lipase, this breaks the smaller droples into easily absorbable form |
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Term
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Definition
| Resposible for water absorption form food reidue. Food passes through ascending, transverse, desencing, and sigmoid portions of coloan finally leading to waste expelshion |
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Term
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Definition
| The rectal ampulla acts as a temporary storage tank when this tank gets full it steches the lining sending a singnal to the brain we need to deficate, the anal sphinceter and the muscle souring it relaz and alow for defication |
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Term
| Enzymes that generate end products |
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Definition
Strach amylase maltose
Proteins protease amino acid
Lipids lipase fatty acid |
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