Term
Main processes of the DS?
Explain each |
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Definition
-chemical digestion -uses enzymes
-mechanical digestion - physically breaks food down into small particles |
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Term
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Definition
| churning that goes on in your small intestine |
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Term
| Processes that occur in mechanical digestion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Our body system is a tube within a tube. What's the tube that's in another tube? |
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Definition
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Term
| Anatomical structures of the mouth? (just name) |
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Definition
-tongue
-hard palate
-uvula
-tonsils
-salivary gland |
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Term
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Definition
-muscle
-moves food over to teeth and push food down throat
-forms food into bolus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-forms roof of mouth
-made of bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prevents food from entering nasal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| lymph tissue housing WBCs |
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Term
| Types of salivary glands? |
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Definition
Glands:
-parotid
-sumandibular
-sublingual |
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Term
What are the important proteins in saliva?
(why?) |
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Definition
MUCIN
makes food slippery
amylase- digests starch |
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Term
| You have __ baby teeth and ___ adult teeth |
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Definition
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Term
| Two Parts of teeth? Define |
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Definition
a. crown: surace above gingivae
b. root: surface below gingivae |
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Term
| The tooth is covered in _______ which is special because ________ |
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Definition
enamel
hardest substance in body |
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Term
Can you repair enamel??
Why is it bad when you lose enamel? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protein layer under enamel |
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Term
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Definition
| contains nerves & blood vessels (teeth) |
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Term
How many of the following teeth do you have?
a. incisors
b. canine
c. premolar
d. molar |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
hole in enamel layer; cannot repair itself
-when bacteria metabolize sugar, they release acids that eat away at enamel |
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Term
| What does the pharynx do? |
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Definition
-Receives air from nasal cavity and food (and liquids) from mouth
-swallowing action (reflex action) |
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Term
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Definition
| flap located in pharynx which closes off trachea as food is swallowed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| muscular tube that runs from the pharynx to the stomach |
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Term
| This type of contraction moves food through the esophagus |
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Definition
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Term
| Define: acid reflux disease |
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Definition
-AKA heartburn
esophageal valve opens allowing chyme into the esophagus |
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Term
| What does the pyloric sphincter do? |
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Definition
| opens so that food can trickle into small intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| your food by the time it leaves the stomach |
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Term
| Constant heartburn can... |
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Definition
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Term
| OTCs for heartburn do what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Parts of digestive tract? |
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Definition
-mucosa
-submucosa
-muscularis
-serosa |
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Term
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Definition
-inner layer that lines lumen
-contains glandular epithelial cells and goblet cells
-found in intestines
-produces mucus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-contains blood vessels and nerves
-peyer's patches found here |
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Term
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Definition
| lymph nodules that makes sure that bacteria in the colon does not go to the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
-2 layers of muscle : circular and longitudinal)
-undergoes peristalsis |
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Term
| What does the longitudinal muscle do? |
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Definition
| constricts, pushes food through intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| outer membrane of connective tissue that helps anchor digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
-J shaped organ
-can fill to capacity of 1 liter
-job is to TURN FOOD, and release gastric juices |
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Term
| You have ______layers of muscle to turn food |
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Definition
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Term
| The epithelial lining of the stomach has ________ that secrete __________ juices containing _______ and ______ |
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Definition
| The epithelial lining of the stomach has GASTRIC PITS that secrete GASTRIC JUICES juices containing HYDROCHLORIC ACID and PEPSIN |
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Term
| Explain the processes of gastric juices in the epithelial lining of the stomach |
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Definition
| Pepsinogen utilizes HCl to turn into Pepsin, which digests protein |
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Term
| Your stomach empties in ___ hrs, depending on ____ |
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Definition
2-6 hrs
depending on the food you eat. Fat needs more time to turn |
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Term
| What's so special about alcohol and the digestive system? |
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Definition
| It's absorbed by the stomach |
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Term
| Taking OTC for acid reflux may interfere with ______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| folds in stomach that allows stomach to expand as it fills with food |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stomach, intestines, esophagus |
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Term
| Most ulcers are caused by... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the bacteria that causes ulcers? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you treat an ulcer? |
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Definition
| antibiotic along with bismuth |
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Term
What do your parietal cells do?
Where are are they located? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what do enteroendocrine cells do? |
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Definition
| release hormones like gastrin |
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Term
| What are the pits in the gastric gland for? |
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Definition
| involved in digestion process, liquifying food |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the three parts of the stomach?
(Just name) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-attaches to stomach
-food is chemically digested and absorbed into bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| attaches to colon (large intestine) |
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Term
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Definition
| where illeum meets large intestine |
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Term
| What does the duodenum digest? |
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Definition
| -digests carbs, DNA, liquids, fats |
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Term
| Define: plicae circulares: |
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Definition
| grooves that slow movement of intestines so that we can absorb it |
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Term
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Definition
-small finger-like projections that increase surface area (found in small intestine)
-each has a blood vessels and a lacteal running up into it |
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Term
| where is the lacteal located? |
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Definition
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Term
| blood vessels for villis absorb what? |
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Definition
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Term
| the lacteals running up to villis do what? |
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Definition
| absorbs fatty acids and glycerol |
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Term
GASTRIN:
a. Where produced
b. target organ
c. what it causes the target organ to di
d. what triggers the release |
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Definition
a. stomach
b. stomach
c. gastric glands to become active
d. food in mouth |
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Term
SECRETIN
a. Where produced
b. target organ
c. what it causes the target organ to di
d. what triggers the release |
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Definition
a. duodenum
b. pancreas
c. releases sodium bicarbonate, which neutralizes acidic chime(prevents ulcers)
d. presence of acidic foods |
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Term
CCK
a. Where produced
b. target organ
c. what it causes the target organ to di
d. what triggers the release
e. what does CCK stand for? |
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Definition
a. duodenum
b. pancreas
c. release lipase, which tells gallbladder to produce bile
d. fatty foods
e. cholecystokinin |
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Term
| Functions of the large intestine? |
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Definition
-absorbs some water, salts, vitamins
-rids body of fecal material
-houses bacteria that ferments undigested food |
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Term
| What does the bacteria in your large intestine do? (besides fermenting undigested food) |
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Definition
-breaks down bilirubin
-produces vitamins like K |
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Term
| What gives feces its brown color? |
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Definition
| bacteria breaking down bilrubin? |
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Term
| What is the name of some of the bacteria on your small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name seven enzymes from the pancreas and their function |
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Definition
Choose any:
1. SODIUM BICARBONATE- neutralizes acidic chime
2. PANCREATIC AMYLASE - digests starch
3. TRYPSIN -digests proteins
4. CARBOXYPEPTIDASE - digests proteins
5. CHYMOTRYPSIN - digests proteins
6. LIPASE - breaks down fats
7. PANCREATIC AMYLASE - converts maltose into glucose |
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Term
| Name an organ in the body (other than the heart/brain) that is vital to life |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the largest gland in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-detoxifies blood
-produces bile
-stores iron and fat soluble vitamins (D, E, A, K) & B12
-makes plasma proteins (albumins and fibrinogens) |
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Term
what does bile do?
What does it contain? |
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Definition
-emulsifies fat (takes big drops, makes into small drops)
-bile salts, cholesterol, bilirubin |
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Term
| Where does bilirubin come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is sugar stored as glycogen? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| muscular sac found attached to underside of liver |
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Term
| What is the gallbladder's job?? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how much bile does the liver produce a day? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how much bile does the liver produce a day? |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens to bile after the gallbladder is done with it? |
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Definition
| cystic duct carries bile from gallbladder where it dumps into the duodenum |
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Term
| too much cholesterol can cause... |
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Definition
| crystals to form which leads to the formation of gallstones |
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Term
| If ducts of the gallbladder become clogged, what happens? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you get rid of gallstones? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is jaundice more common in newborns? |
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Definition
| Babies do not get rid of bile as they are not getting rid of feces |
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Term
| Where does carbohydrate digestion occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the process of carbohydrate digestion |
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Definition
| salivary amylase converts starch into maltose, and pancreatic amylase converts maltose into glucose |
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Term
| Three enzymes from the small intestines and their functions |
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Definition
lactase, sucras, maltase-
convert disaccharides into monosaccharides (these can be absorbed) |
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Term
| Where does protein digestion take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain how proteins are digested |
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Definition
stomach releases pepsin that breaks proteins into polypeptides, and then trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase from the pancreas convert peptides into amino acids.
(Peptidases from small intestine do the same) |
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Term
| Where are lipids digested? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bile emulsifies fats, pancreatic lipase digests fatty acids |
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Term
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Definition
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