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| the process that physically grinds up and chemically breaks down food |
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Definition
| the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones to release energy |
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| a continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus |
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| organs include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine (colon) |
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| Accessory Digestive Organs |
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Definition
| the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas |
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Definition
| food is brought into the GI tract through the mouth |
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| food is physically broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth and the churning action of the digestive cavity itself |
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| small pieces of broken down food |
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Definition
| particles broken down by this process have increased surface area allowing digestive enzymes to attack them more effectively |
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| particles of food are exposed to enzymes and other digestive fluids that break down large molecules into smaller subunits |
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| turns proteins into amino acids, carbohydrates into monosaccharides, fats into triglycerides |
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Definition
| cells within the GI tract secrete a total of 7 liters of water, acids, buffers and enzymes into the lumen of the tube |
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Definition
| alternating contractions and relaxations of smooth muscle in the walls of the GI tract mix food and secretions and propel them toward the anus |
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| small subunits must be transported out of the digestive cavity and into the cells of the body |
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| happens in the small intestine |
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| AKA defecation; happens in the colon |
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Definition
| wastes, indigestible materials, bacteria and cells sloughed from the GI lining must be expelled from the body in the form of feces |
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Term
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Definition
| catabolised molecules are absorbed by the cells; material that cannot be broken down or used is expelled |
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Term
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Definition
| ingestion-->mechanical breakdown-->chemical breakdown-->secretion-->mixing and propulsion-->absorption-->elimination |
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