Term
| What is mechanical digestion? Identify examples. |
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Definition
- Mechanical digestion is the tearing, chewing and grinding of food into small enough pieces to swallow.
- It happens in the mouth, and is done by the teeth, with the incisors doing the tearing of the food and the molars doing the grinding of the food.
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Term
| What is chemical digestion? Identify examples. |
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Definition
- Chemical digestion is when the food is mixed with chemicals to break it down.
- In the mouth, it is mixed with a digestive enzyme called amylase. In the stomach, hydrochloric acid and pepsin are added to the food to make a thick liquid called chyme.
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Term
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Definition
| Incisors are the sharp, front most teeth that are used to tear and rip into food. |
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Term
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Definition
| Molars are the flat, back most teeth that are used to grind into food. |
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Term
| Identify the role bile plays in digestion and where it is used. |
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Definition
| Used to break down fats. Small intestine. |
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Term
| Identify the role salivary amylase plays in digestion and where it is used. |
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Definition
| Used to digest carbs. Mouth. |
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Term
| Identify the role pancreatic amylase plays in digestion and where it is used. |
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Definition
| Used to digest carbs. Small intestine. |
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Term
| Identify the role hydrochloric acid plays in digestion and where it is used. |
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Definition
| Used to unfold large proteins into polypeptide strands. Stomach. |
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Term
| Identify the role salivary lipase plays in digestion and where it is used. |
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Definition
| Used to break down fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol. Mouth. |
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Term
| Identify the role pancreatic lipase plays in digestion and where it is used. |
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Definition
| Used to break down fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol. Stomach. |
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Term
| Identify the role pepsin plays in digestion and where it is used. |
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Definition
| Used to break down proteins into amino acids. Stomach. |
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Term
| Identify the role trypsin plays in digestion and where it is used. |
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Definition
Used to break down proteins into amino acids. Small intestine. |
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Term
| Identify the role chemotrypsin plays in digestion and where it is used. |
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Definition
Used to break down proteins into amino acids. Small intestine. |
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Term
| Identify the role protease plays in digestion and where it is used. |
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Definition
| Used to break down proteins into amino acids. Small intestine. |
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Term
Define accessory organ. Identify four accessory organs in the digestive system.
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Definition
| Accessory organs aid in digestion by producing and/or storing digestive chemicals. They are the liver, the pancreas, the gall bladder and the salivary glands. |
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Term
| Identify the meaning of the following suffixes: “-ase”, “-tion” and “-itis”. |
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Definition
· “-ase”: Amino acid.
· “-tion”: Act or state of.
· “-itis”: Inflammation or disease.
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Term
Identify where digestion of each fuel nutrient begins: carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Absorption is the last step of digestion. It occurs when nutrients pass through the wall of the small intestine and enter the circulatory system. |
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Term
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Definition
| .Reabsorption is the process where water is removed from the wastes and returned to the body, upon entering the large intestine. |
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Term
| Describe the shape of the inner wall of the small intestine. Explain how its form is related to its function. |
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Definition
Villi are finger-like structures that make up the inner wall of the small intestine. They maximize space for absorption. |
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Term
| List each organ food travels through, in order. |
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Definition
Mouth ---> Esophagus ---> Stomach ---> Small Intestine ---> Large Intestine ---> Rectum ---> Anus. |
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Term
| Name the three sphincters in the human body and the location of each. |
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Definition
- Cardiac, between esophagus and stomach.
- Pyloric, between stomach and small intestine.
- Anus, between anus and exterior of the body.
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Term
State the function of bile. Identify the organs in which it is made, stored and used.
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Definition
Bile is used to break down fats. It is made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder and used in the small intestine. |
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Term
| Describe how heartburn occurs and how TUMS/Alka Selzter provides relief. |
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Definition
Heartburn occurs when stomach acid splashes into the esophagus. It is also known as acid reflux. Because HCL has a low acidity level, TUMS and Alka Selzter must have either a high or neutral acidity level. It neutralizes acid on contact.
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Term
| Name the three parts of the small intestine, in order. |
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Definition
Duodenum, jejunum and ileum. |
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Term
| State three reasons why your large intestine is a good place for bacteria to grow and reproduce. |
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Definition
| The large intestine is a good environment for bacteria to grow and reproduce because it’s warm and moist, it gives bacteria leftovers to feed on and it allows bacteria to metabolize on the spot. |
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Term
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Definition
| An opening where wastes are removed from the rectum. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A slimy ball of chewed food. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soupy, semi-solid mixture of food, digestive enzymes and HCL. |
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Term
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Definition
A life-long disease where you have high blood sugar and your body is unable to produce insulin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transports chemicals from one organ to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breakdown of fat gobules into fat droplets (mechanical) so it can pass through the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tubular passageway to the stomach. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Passing gas. Bacteria is responsible for the smell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when stomach acid splashes into the esophagus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates fat and carbohydrate metabolism in the body. A protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| The contractions your muscles make in the digestive tract to allow food to pass through the digestive system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Circular muscles that open and close to move food through the digestive system. |
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Term
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Definition
| An open sore caused by stomach acid. |
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Term
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Definition
Walls of the small intestine. |
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Term
How long is the small intestine?
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the large intestine? |
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Definition
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