Term
| kidney function maintains ___ in body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
process components within blood to maintain fluid/electrolytes,manufacture hormones to regulate bp renin), stimulate production of RBC's, detox, regulate ca and phos metabolism
-eliminates urine |
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Term
| nephron unit does three main things |
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Definition
| filter and reabsorb essential blood constituents, secrete ions to maintain acid-base balance, excrete fluid and other substances as urine |
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Term
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Definition
| complex of symptoms occurring as result of damage to capillary walls of glomerulus |
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Term
| symptoms of nephrotic syndrome |
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Definition
| proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema |
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Term
| nephrotic syndrome can be a result of many secondary disease processes |
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Definition
| glomerulonephritis, nephropathy, DM, Systemic lupus erythematosus, infectious disease |
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Term
| nephrotic syndrome may progress to ___ |
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Definition
| CRF - chronic renal failure |
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Term
| nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome |
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Definition
| control hypertension, minimize edema, decrease albumin loss, prevent protein malnutrition/muscle catabolism, adequate energy |
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Term
| acute renal failure characterized by ___ |
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Definition
abrupt loss of renal function
-may be accompanied by oliguria or anuria |
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Term
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Definition
| acute tubular necrosis (ATN) |
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Term
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Definition
| injury after decreased blood supply to organ |
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Term
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Definition
| toxic or destructive injury to a kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| oliguric phase, diuretic phase, recovery phase |
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Term
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Definition
| 24 to 48 hours after injury, lasts 1-3 weeks, signs of azotemia, acidosis, high serum K, high phosphorus, HTN, anorexia, edema |
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Term
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Definition
| lasts 2-3 weeks, output of urine gradually increases |
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Term
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Definition
lasts 3-12 months
kidney function gradually improves |
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Term
| during recovery of ARF monitor |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| patients may be hypermetabolic iif renal failure caused by trauma, burns, septicemia, or infection |
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Term
| protein requirements for those with ARF |
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Definition
.6g protein/kg for unstressed patients
with dialysis - 1-1.4g protein/kg |
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Term
during oliguric stage of ARF:
sodium may be restricted to __
potassium may be restricted to __ |
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Definition
1000 to 2000mg
1000mg per day |
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Term
| sodium and potassium may be lost during __ phase and during __ with ARF |
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Definition
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Term
| fluids usually restricted to patient's output plus __mL during oliguric phase |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
chronic renal failure
result of progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function |
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Term
| most common causes of CRF |
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Definition
| glomerulonephritis, nephrosclerosis, obstructive diseases,DM, systemic lupus, erythematosus, and use of street drugs |
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Term
| retention of__ waste products, fluid and __ imbalances can affect all body systems |
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Definition
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Term
| once CRF procresses to CKD treament is |
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Definition
conservative management
hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, renal transplantation |
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Term
| a gradual irreversible loss of kidney function is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blood shunted by way of special vascular access or shunt, heparinized, cleansed of excess fluid and waste products through semipermeable membrane, and then returned to patient's circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| electrolyte solution similar to composition of normal plasma |
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Term
| the duration and frequency of hemodialysis for patients with chronic renal failure is __ to __ hours, __ times a week |
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Definition
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Term
| protein recommendation for patients on hemodialysis |
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Definition
1.2g protein/kg
-with 50% of dietary protein high biologic value (eggs, meat, poultry, game, fish and soy dairy) |
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Term
energy requirements for adult younger than 60 while on dialysis __
-obese or over 60yrs old __ |
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Definition
35kcal/kg
obese - 30 to 35 |
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Term
| patients receiving hemodialysis at risk for ____ |
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Definition
| lipid metabolism disorders |
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Term
while on dialysis: __% total kcal from fat
__% total kcal from saturated fat |
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Definition
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Term
| on hemodialysis: dietary cholesterol __ |
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Definition
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Term
| __g of potassium per day for patients on hemodialysis |
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Definition
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Term
| patients on dialysis with anuria or constipation may experience ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| restricted in patients on dialysis because high levels contribute to ___ |
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Definition
phosphorus
hyperparathyroidism |
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Term
| __mg/kg/day recommendation of phosphorus for patients on dialysis |
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Definition
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Term
| patientsat risk for deficiency of __ vitamins during dialysis |
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Definition
| vitamin B6 and folic acid |
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Term
| hidden source of sodium include |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| removes excess fluid and waste products from blood using peritoneal membrane as a filter |
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Term
| dialysate contains dextrose |
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Definition
| increases osmolality of solution, facilitating removal of excess fluid as fluid moves from vascular space into peritoneal cavity |
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Term
| intermittent peritoneal dialysis |
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Definition
involves infusion of 2L of dialysate instilled over 20 to 30 minutes
-4 or 5 times per week |
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Term
| continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) |
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Definition
infusion of dialysate 4 or 5 "exchanges" within 24 hr period into peritoneum
-continuously 7 days a week |
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Term
| continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) |
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Definition
combination of IPD and CAPD
-mechanical cycler performs three dialysate exchanges at night
-4th exchange infused for entire day during day |
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Term
| nutrition therapy objectives during CCPD |
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Definition
| replace albumin lost, minimize complications of fluid imbalance, minimize symptoms of uremic toxicity, minimize metabolic disorders secondary to CKD and PD |
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Term
| patients using PD at risk for deficiencies of ___ and ___ |
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Definition
| water soluble vitamins and minerals |
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Term
| protein losses from peritoneal dialysis range from __ to __g per day |
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Definition
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Term
| restriction of ___ critical during peritoneal dialysis by restricting or eliminating__ |
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Definition
phosphorus
-dairy products |
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Term
| __% of kidney transplanted from cadavers still function well 1 year after surgery |
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Definition
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Term
| __ second most frequent transplant operation in united states |
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Definition
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Term
| immediate posttransplant period kcal needs |
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Definition
high due to stress from surgery and catabolism
- 30 to 35kcal/kg |
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Term
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Definition
| kidney stones or urolithiasis common and often recurrent urological condition |
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Term
| formation of kidney stones depends on: |
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Definition
| low urine volume, high urine pH, excessive excretion of calcium, oxalate or uric acid |
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Term
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Definition
| too much calcium in urine most common |
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Term
| variety of mechanisms cause hypercalciuria |
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Definition
| drugs, medical conditions, and dietary factors |
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Term
| absorptive hypercalciuria most common and caused by increased gastriointestinal absorption of ___ |
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Definition
| calcium, overly aggressive vit D supp, excessive ingestion of calcium foods (milk) |
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Term
| kidney stone formation more ifluenced by amount of __ in urinary tract |
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Definition
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Term
| __ intake promotes urinary calcium excretion when you have too much |
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Definition
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Term
| low intake of __ may be an additional risk factor for stone development |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| found primarily in foods of plant origin as end product of ascorbic acid metabolism |
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Term
| to reduce risk of calcium oxalate kidney stone recurrence, restriction of dietary __ intake |
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Definition
oxalate
-spinich, rhubarb, beets, nuts, chocolate, tea, wheat bran, and strawberries |
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Term
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Definition
| associated with acidic urine |
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Term
| limit foods high in __ to avoid uric acid stones |
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Definition
| purines - lean meats, organ meats, legumes and whole grains |
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Term
| __ and __ are used to reduce the acidity of urine to prevent uric acid stones |
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Definition
| sodium bicarbonate and potassium citrate |
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Term
| drug used to reduce uric acid quickly |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| form in people with hereditary disorder causing kidneys to excrete excessive amounts of amino acid cystine |
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Term
| goal in treating cystine stones |
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Definition
| reduce urinary cystine concentration |
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Term
| if urine becomes too alkaline increased risk for ___ stone formation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| caused by urinary tract infections by bacteria splitting urea into ammonium in urine |
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