Term
| Boundaries of the diencephalon: |
|
Definition
| Sup- body and trigone of lat. ventricle
Rostral- interventricular foramen of Monro, ant. commisure, lamina terminalis
Post- post. commisure
Post/Inf- plane from post. commisure to just caudal to mamillary bodies
Ant/Inf- optic chiasma and median eminence of the hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of the diencephalon? |
|
Definition
Thalamus (dorsal thalamus)
Epithalamus
Subthalamus (Ventral thalamus)
Hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| visual cortex (calcarine cortex) associated with: |
|
Definition
| lateral geniculate nucleus |
|
|
Term
| auditory cortex (transverse temporal gyrus of Heschl)associated with: |
|
Definition
| medial geniculate nucleus |
|
|
Term
| primary and secondary sensory cortices (postcentral gyrus)associated with: |
|
Definition
ventral posterolateral nucleus
and ventral posteromedial nucleus |
|
|
Term
| Ventral anterior nucleus is the location for: |
|
Definition
premotor cortex (supplementary motor)
Brodmann area 6 and 8 |
|
|
Term
| Ventral lateral nucleus is the location for: |
|
Definition
| motor cortex- Brodmann area 4, in the pre-central gyrus |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of thalamic nuclei? |
|
Definition
sensory
motor
limbic
multimodal
intralaminar |
|
|
Term
| Name the sensory thalamic nuclei: |
|
Definition
| med. and lat. geniculate, ventral posterolateral, ventral posteromedial |
|
|
Term
| Name the motor thalamic nuclei: |
|
Definition
ventral anterior
ventral lateral |
|
|
Term
| Name the limbic thalamic nuclei: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dorsal medial nucleus is associated with: |
|
Definition
| pre-frontal cortex and hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| Anterior nucleus associated with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral posterior nucleus associated with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral dorsal nucleus associated with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the multimodal thalamic nuclei? |
|
Definition
lateral posterior
lateral dorsal
pulvinar |
|
|
Term
| Pulvinar associated with: |
|
Definition
| frontal, occipital, parietal and temporal lobes |
|
|
Term
| Name the intralaminar thalamic nuclei: |
|
Definition
centromedian
parafascicular
intralaminar
reticular |
|
|
Term
| Centromedian nucleus associated with: |
|
Definition
| neostriatum (caudate nucleus) and motor cortex |
|
|
Term
| Parafascicular nuclei associated with: |
|
Definition
| rostral and lateral frontal lobe |
|
|
Term
| _________and_________make up the thalamic nuclei. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thalamic nuclei are classified as_______ or ________based on their projections to the cerbral cortex. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Components of the epithalamus: |
|
Definition
pineal gland
habenular nuclei
stria medullaris thalami |
|
|
Term
| Pinealocytes synthesize _________ from __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Components of the subthalamus: |
|
Definition
subthalamic nucleus (nucleus of Luys)
prerubral field (Field H of Forel)
zona incerta |
|
|
Term
| Functions of the subthalamic nucleus: |
|
Definition
-receives input from motor cortex
-integrates activity with the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia |
|
|
Term
| Lesions of the subthalamic nucleus result in ___________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hemiballismus results in rapid flailing movements of the ________________. |
|
Definition
| contralateral upper extremity |
|
|
Term
| The__________connects the ___________ with the base of the hypothalamus. |
|
Definition
infundibulum
pituitary gland |
|
|
Term
| Main visceral control center of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral spinothalamic tract |
|
Definition
| pain perception and localization |
|
|
Term
| dorsal column- medial lemniscal pathway |
|
Definition
| discriminative touch and proprioceptive sense perception |
|
|
Term
| ventral and dorsal trigeminothalamic tracts synapse in the ______ __________ _______. |
|
Definition
| ventral posteromedial nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anterior nuc. of thalamus => Cingulate gyrus => Parahippocampal gyrus => Hippocampus => Fornix => Mammillary bodies => Mammilothalamic tract => Anterior nuc. of thalamus |
|
|
Term
| The hypothalamus forms the inferolateral wall of the ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extends from the optic chiasma to the posterior margin of the mammillary bodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bodily homeostasis maintained by the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypothalamus maintains bodily homeostasis by regulating: |
|
Definition
-autonomic nervous system activity at brainstem and spinal cord levels
-BP and HR, respiratory and digestive functions
-emotional response and behavior
-temperature
-food intake
-water balance and osmolality of the blood
-sleep-wake cycles, circadian rhythms
-Secretion of releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the anterior pituitary gland
-synthesis of ADH and oxytocin |
|
|
Term
| The __________ centers of the hypothalamus regulate ____ and ____, respiratory and digestive functions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is circadian rhythm? |
|
Definition
| increased melatonin secretion during the night; diminished secretion with exposure to light |
|
|
Term
| In what 2 centers of the hypothalmus is food intake regulated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________/ ___________ produced by the hypothalamus helps to regulate water balance and osmolality of the blood |
|
Definition
| vasopressin/ antidiuretic hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Components of the telencephalon: |
|
Definition
cerebral cortex
cereral ventricles
white matter
basal ganglia |
|
|
Term
| The telencephalon was derived as an invagination of the_______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The telencephalon gave rise to the____________ vesicles which became the __________ hemispheres |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Developmental growth of the brain occurs in a ______, _______, and ________ direction |
|
Definition
| rostral, caudal, and inferior |
|
|
Term
| pattern of growth of the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
limbic
insular |
|
|
Term
| The insular lobe of the brain is found in the ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
singulate
subcallosal
parahippocampal |
|
|
Term
| Frontal lobe located anterior to the ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary motor area (precentral gyrus) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ lobe located posterior to the central sulcus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary sensory area -Brodman 3, 1, 2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occipital lobe located behind the ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inferior to the lateral sulcus |
|
|
Term
| Temporal lobe contains Brodman areas ____ and _____. |
|
Definition
41- primary auditory cortex
22- Wernicke's area- language comprehension |
|
|
Term
| Auditory association cortex located in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Brodmann area 8 (frontal gaze center) function:
location: |
|
Definition
concerned with eye movements,
frontal lobe-middle frontal gyrus |
|
|
Term
| Brodmann areas ____ and ____ involved with __________. Responsible for word formation via connections with adjacent primary motor area. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brodmann area 44/45 located in _________ frontal gyrus of __________ cerebral hemisphere. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lesion in the inferior frontal gyrus/ Brodmann area 44/45 results in: |
|
Definition
| Loss of ability to produce speech (Broca’s/motor/nonfluent aphasia) |
|
|
Term
| Patients with Broca's aphasia lose the ability to produce speech but can _____, ______, and ______ the words that they hear or wish to say. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The longitudinal fissure of the brain divides these lobes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Associtaion fibers of the white matter of the telencephalon are classified as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In short association fibers, communication is established with: |
|
Definition
| only adjacent gyri within a lobe or adjacent lobes of the brain |
|
|
Term
| In long association fibers, communication is established: |
|
Definition
| between 2 or more lobes of the brain |
|
|
Term
| Establishes communication between the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 types of myelinated nerve fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Corpus callosum
Anterior commissure
Commissure of the fornix (Hippocampal commissure) |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of fibers in white matter: |
|
Definition
association
commissural
projection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
internal capsule
optic radiation (Geniculocalcarine tract) |
|
|
Term
| ____________ fibers connect corresponding regions of the two hemispheres. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ______ ventricle separates the two sides of the diencephalon. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cerebral aqueduct separates the ___ and ____ ventricles and is associated with the ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____ ventricle is located anterior to the cerebellum and is associated with the ____________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the globus pallidus are collectively known as the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lenticular (lentiform) nucleus is comprised of the _________ and the __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The caudate nucleus is referred to as the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The globus pallidus is referred to as the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Components of the basal ganglia: |
|
Definition
caudate nucleus
globus pallidus
putamen
amygdala
claustrum
substantia nigra |
|
|
Term
| The ____________ has only a functional relationship to the basal ganglia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ventricle is found within the diencephalon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The posterior commissure in the epithalamus is responsible for |
|
Definition
| eye movement and pupillary light responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| responsible for neuroendocrine, autonomic, and emotion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contains the pineal gland and the posterior commissure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On the ventral surface of the hypothalamus you will find: |
|
Definition
optic chiasm
infundibulum (pituitary stalk)
mammillary bodies |
|
|
Term
| function of the basal ganglia |
|
Definition
| modulates the functions of the frontal cortex- motor function |
|
|
