Term
| Describe characteristics of Staphylococus |
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Definition
| Gram Pos, Cat Pos, Coag Neg (mostly), Non Motile, Non Spore forming, Aerobic/Facultative anaerobic, |
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Term
| Colony morphology of Staph |
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Definition
| White, creamy, medium (4-8mm) sized colonies, Beta or Non Hemolytic |
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Term
| Predisposing factors for a Staph infection |
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Definition
| Break in skin/mucus barrier, Secondary to viral infection (temp. immunocompromised), Chronic disease, long term ABX, imbalance of normal biota |
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Term
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Definition
Staph: O/F +/+, Bacitracin R
Micro: O/F +/-, Bacitracin S |
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Term
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Definition
A-E, G, I. Involved in food poisoning, heat stable and acid resistant.
B- assc with pseudomembranous colitis
F (now TSST-1) superantigen, pyrogenic,
others can be involved in TSS as well |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes SSS, cleaves granulosum layer of skin causing skin to peel off |
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Term
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Definition
| Found with leukocidin, thought to camouflage the bacterial cell |
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Term
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Definition
Cause destruction of RBC and WBC
Alpha- Anti-RBC and WBC, dermonecrotic and neurotoxic
Beta- acts on sphingomyelinase in RBC
Delta- stimulates cAMP and causes diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| Works on connective tissues/lysis of intracellular matrix allowing spread of bacteria through tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA Panton-Valentine Toxin, changes permeability of cell to K+, leading to water influx and lysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in wall of cell and excreted, binds Fc portion of IgG, making it useless, activates complement and injures platelets |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| AKA enterotoxin F, superantigen, causes systemic reaction and death |
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Term
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Definition
| Overgrowth of staph in GI tract. Caused by long term ABX, wipe out of normal flora. |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes by enterotoxins, excessive sweating, vomiting, diahhrea, cramps. Usually caused by Type A |
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Term
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Definition
| superficial folliculitis, skin infection usually found around nose/mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| infected skin follicules, can lead to furuncles (boils/sties) or carbuncles (abscesses) |
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Term
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Definition
| Exfoliative Dermatitis, usually in children <5 y/o, starts near nose/mouth and spreads down to neck/trunk. Skin peels off |
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Term
| Clinical Significance of Micrococcus |
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Definition
| Cat Pos, Coag Neg, OF: +/-, Resistance to Lysostaphin |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Pos cocci in pairs, single, clusters |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Staph result for Coagulase |
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Definition
Slide: Neg (except aureus)
Tube: Neg (except some aureus)
Latex: Neg (except aureus) |
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Term
| Staph result for Mannitol |
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Definition
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Term
| Staph result for Novobiocin |
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Definition
S- Staph spp.
R- Staph Saprophyticus |
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Term
| Staph results for glucose/oxidase |
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Definition
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Term
| ID the Org: medium, white colonies, Gram + cocci, Cat +, Coag +, OF +/+ |
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Definition
S.aureus
Coag gives it away |
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Term
| ID the Org: Small round, white creamy colongies, G+ cocci, cat +, coag -, Novobiocin S, OF +/+ |
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Definition
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Term
| ID the ORG: Medium white, creamy colonies, G+ cocci, Cat +, Coag -, Novbiocin R, OF +/+ |
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Definition
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Term
| ID the ORG: yellow, small creamy colonies, G+ cocci, Cat +, Coag -, Novbiocin S, OF +/- |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Strep: Cat -, grow in anaerobic conditions, contain M protein in cell wall
Micro: Cat +, aerobic, no M Protein |
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Term
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Definition
A- green tinge, partial lysis
B- full lysis, clearing around colonies
non- Nothing |
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Term
| Lancefield Classification |
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Definition
Determined by type of C-carbohydrate in cell wall
Group A- Pyogenes
B- Agalactiae
C- usually animal pathogens
D- normall respiratory and intestinal flora (enterococcus)
S.pneumonmia has no grouping! |
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Term
| Streptolysin O vs Streptolysin S |
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Definition
O is oxygen labile, lysis of blood cells, cardiotoxic and rheumatic fever factor.
S is oxygen stable and non-immunogenic |
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Term
| Diseases caused by Strep Pyogenes |
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Definition
| Strep throat, scarlet fever, impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis and puerperal sepsis |
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Term
| Toxin which causes Scarlet fever |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 S.agalactiae syndromes in newborns |
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Definition
Early onset- 0-5 days following birth high mortality
late onset- months after birth, usually meningitis, low mortality |
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Term
| Why is it important to differentiate group D strep |
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Definition
| Because of antibiotic resistance, Enterococcus have multiple degress of resistance to vancomyacin and tercoplanan |
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Term
| Most common enterococcus spp |
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Definition
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Term
| Noscomial enterococcus infections |
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Definition
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Term
| Capsule purpose in s.pneumonia |
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Definition
| makes it difficult for the immune system to recognize it |
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Term
| s.pneumoniae vs viridans strep (test differentiation) |
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Definition
Optochin test: pneumonia is S
bile esculin: Viridans is Neg |
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Term
| infection caused most often by strep pneumo in youth and elderly |
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Definition
youth- Otitis Media
old- bronchitis |
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Term
| What group of strep causes subacute bacterial endocarditis |
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Definition
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Term
| Strep which is most common cause of dental carries |
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Definition
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Term
| What is needed to grow Abiotrophia and Granulicatella |
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Definition
| Sulfydryl compounds (grow with s.aureus observe for satelitism) |
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Term
| Group D Streptococcus vs Entercoccus |
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Definition
Bile: Both Grow
6.5% NaCl: Entercoccus growth
PYR: Entercoccus Pos |
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Term
| Group A Strep Bacitracin and PYR |
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Definition
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Term
| What two tests can differentiate group B strep? |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of Corynebacterium spp |
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Definition
| G+, Rods (club shapped) "chinese letters" aerobic, most Cat +, motility +/-, non spore forming |
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Term
| Characteristics of A.haemoliyticum |
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Definition
| Cat -, gram + rod, Hemolytic, gelatin -, xylose + |
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Term
| Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes |
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Definition
| found in unpastuerized animal products, G+ rod, weak beta hemolysis, CAMP and Hippurate +, Catalase +. "umbrella motility" at 22C semi solid agar, tumbling at 22C broth |
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Term
| Characteristics of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae |
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Definition
| Cat -, Non motile, Produces H2S in TSI tube |
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Term
| Characteristics of Lactobacillus |
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Definition
| Form lactic acid in fermentation, Alpha hemolytic on BAP, Cat -, anaerobic |
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Term
| Significance of L.monocytogenes in newborns and adults |
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Definition
Can cause abortion in pregnant females, or mild flu like symptoms in healthy aduls, can be transfered to infants in mothers milk. Is a lethal cardiotoxin, can gow inside macrophages.
MUST BE DIFF. FROM STREP B IMMEDIETLY |
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Term
| L.monocytogenes vs Strep.agalactiae (Gruop B) |
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Definition
Gram Stain: G+ cocci (strep) vs G+ rods(L.Mono)
Motility: Strep nonmotile, L.mono: distinct motility |
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Term
| L.monocytogenes vs other Non spore forming GPB |
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Definition
| Definitive motility pattern, Bile esculin +, cat + |
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Term
| How to tell if C.diptheriae is toxin producing |
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Definition
| ELEK test (old), ELISA and latex agglutination (new) |
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Term
| Purose of Tellurite Media (Tinsdale Media) |
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Definition
| Inhibits G- org, Black colonies indicate C.diptheria (other spp can be + too) |
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Term
| Toxin production requirements of C.diptheriae |
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Definition
| only produced in low iron concentrations |
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Term
| What defines A.haemolyticum |
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Definition
| Gelatin Neg, Xylose +, Branching morphology |
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Term
| What defines E.rhusiopathiae? |
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Definition
| slow growing (72 hrs) in increased CO2, small colonies, Cat -, Non motile, H2S pos |
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Term
| Bacillus Anthrasis infections |
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Definition
Cutaneous- "malignant pustule" wound infection, black eschar, gelatanous edema
Pulmonary- Worst kind, chest pain, dyspnea, rapid death
Gastrointestinal- nausea, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, shock
Gastrointestinal |
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