Term
| What are the two types of diabetes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Type I, insulin is under produced. Beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin are destroyed by T-Cells. It is sudden onset and effects about 5% of US diabetics |
|
|
Term
| What is Type II Diabetes? |
|
Definition
| In Type II, the body becomes insulin resistant, resulting in higher than normal levels of insulin in the bloodstream. It is gradual onset, usually diagnosed in a person's 30s (although it is becoming more common in children) and effects 95% of US diabetics |
|
|
Term
| How many people in the US have diabetes and how many are diagnosed and undiagnosed? |
|
Definition
| 23.6 million people have diabetes as of 2007 in the US. Of those, 17.9 million are diagnosed and 5.7 million are undiagnosed. |
|
|
Term
| Who many people in the US ages 20 and older have Pre-Diabetes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the total annual estimated cost for diabetes in the US, as well as the direct medical cost and the indirect cost? |
|
Definition
| $174 billion total cost. $116 billion direct medical cost and $58 billion indirect cost |
|
|
Term
| What are the fasting (12 hrs fast) blood sugar levels for diabetes, pre-diabetes, and normal levels |
|
Definition
Diabetes - equal to or greater than 126 mg/dl
Pre-Diabetes - between 126 and 100 mg/dl
Normal - below 100 mg/dl |
|
|
Term
| What is a glucose tolerance test? |
|
Definition
| A sugary drink mix is given to the patient. The body's blood sugar level is monitored to determine how quickly it is cleared from the bloodstream and that homeostasis is maintained after it is cleared (For someone with diabetes, it will take longer to clear from the blood stream and homeostasis will be higher) |
|
|
Term
| How much glucose is normally bound to Hb molecules and how much is common in diabetics. Also, what is the goal % for diabetics? |
|
Definition
| Normally glucose is bound to 5% of Hb molecules in normal RBCs. It is up to 2x higher in diabetics (around 10%). The goal for diabetics is 7% or less. |
|
|
Term
| What does glycosylation do to RBC ability to carry oxygen? |
|
Definition
| It will cause a small reduction in oxygen carrying capacity, but not enough to reduce exercise capacity or cause serious problems |
|
|
Term
| What is the best long-term assessment of blood glucose control? |
|
Definition
|
|
