Term
| Primary Sexual Characteristics |
|
Definition
| Sexual characteristics that involve the reproductive organs |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Sexual characteristics |
|
Definition
| Sexual characteristics that are visible on the outside of the body and serve as additional signs of sexual maturity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First restoration, occurs around 12 1/2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First ejaculation; occurs around 13 1/2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Around age 11, young people enter the ______ _________ stage in which they develop the capacity for abstract, systematic, scientific thinking. |
|
|
Term
| Hypothetico-deductive Reasoning |
|
Definition
| When faced with a problem, they start with a hypothesis about variables that might affect an outcome, from which they deduce logical, testable inferences. Then they systematically isolate and combine variables to see which of these inferences are confirmed in the real world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adolescents' ability to evaluate the logic of propositions (verbal statements) without referring to real-world circumstances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Certainty that others are observing and thinking about them, teenagers develop an inflated opinion of their own importance- a feeling that they are special and unique. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Commitment to values, beliefs and goals following a period of exploration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exploration without having reached commitment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Commitment in the absence of exploration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An apathetic state characterized by lack of both exploration and commitment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Level in which morality is externally controlled. Children accept the rules of authority figures and judge actions by their consequences. Behaviors that result in punishment are viewed as bad, those that lead to rewards as good. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Level in which individuals continue to regard conformity to social rules as important, but not for reasons of self-interest. They believe that actively maintaining the current social system ensures positive relationships and societal order |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Level in which individuals move beyond unquestioning support for their own society's rules and laws. They define morality in terms of abstract principles and values that apply to all situations and societies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The degree to which morality is central to self-concept |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased gender stereotyping of attitudes and behavior and movement toward a more traditional gender identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sense of oneself as a separate, self-governing individual |
|
|
Term
| Biological Aging or Senescence |
|
Definition
| Genetically influenced declines in the functioning of organs and systems that are universal in all members of our species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Special type of DNA located at the ends of chromosomes, serving as a "Cap" to protect the ends of destruction- shortens in early adulthood. Eventually, so little remains that the cells no longer duplicate at all |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Naturally occurring, highly reactive chemicals that form in the presence of oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Naturally occurring, highly reactive chemicals that form in the presence of oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Cross-linkage theory of aging |
|
Definition
| Over time, protein fibers that make up the body's connective tissues form bonds, or links, with one another. When these normally separate fibers cross-link, tissue becomes less elastic, leading to many negative outcomes |
|
|
Term
| Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) |
|
Definition
| The amount of energy the body uses at complete rest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cognitive development beyond Piaget's formal operations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to our reflections on how we arrived at facts, beliefs, and ideas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dividing information, values, and authority into right and wrong, good and bad, we and they |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viewing all knowledge as embedded in a framework of thought. Aware of a diversity of options on many topics they gave up the possibility of absolute truth in favor of multiple truths, each relative to its context |
|
|
Term
| Commitment within relativistic thinking |
|
Definition
| Instead of choosing between opposing views, they try to formulate a more satisfying perspective that synthesizes contradictions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A structural advance in which logic becomes a tool for solving real world problems |
|
|
Term
| Cognitive-affective complexity |
|
Definition
| Awareness of positive and negative feelings and coordination of them into a complex, organized structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In early and middle childhood, children gain insight into career options by fantasizing about them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Between ages 11 and 16, adolescents think about careers in more complex ways, at first in terms of their interests and soon- as they become more aware of personal and educational requirements for different vocations- in terms of their abilities and values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| By the late teens and early twenties, with the economic and practical realities of adulthood just around the corner, young people start to narrow their options. A first step is often further exploration-gathering more info about possibilities that blend with their personal characteristics. In the final phase, crystallization, they focus on a general vocational category and experiment for a time before settling on a single occupation |
|
|
Term
| Intimacy versus isolation |
|
Definition
| Psychological conflict reflected in the young person's thoughts and feelings about making a permanent commitment to an intimate partner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A key concept in Levinson's theory, the underlying design of a persons life, consisting of relationships with significant others- individuals, groups, and institutions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Age-graded expectations for major life events |
|
|
Term
| Triangular theory of love |
|
Definition
| Identifies three components- intimacy, passion, and commitment- that shift in emphasis as romantic relationships develop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sequence of phases characterizing the development of most families around the world |
|
|
