Term
| When does ovulation generally occur? |
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Definition
| every 28 days, midway through menstrual cycle |
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Term
| What occurs at conception? |
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Definition
| Sperm travels through vagina, up fallopian tubes, meet/penetrate egg, single cell zygote is formed, fertilized ovum impants into uterus wall |
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Term
| What are the three stages of prenatal development? |
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Definition
germinal period
embryonic period
fetal period |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the umbilical cord? |
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Definition
receives oxygen and nutrients from mother
eliminates carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes into the mother's bloodstream |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the placenta? |
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Definition
| provides nourishment to fetus and eliminates met. wastes |
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Term
| What does organogenesis refer to? |
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Definition
embryonic period
every major organ takes shape in a primitive form
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Term
| Why do stem cells hold promise for treatment of diseases? |
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Definition
cells with no specialized function (differentation) can be implanted into areas that need new cells
uses aborted fetus cells |
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Term
| To what does the age of viability refer to? |
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Definition
24th week
fetus may survive outside of womb
if brain and resp. system are dev.
and great med. care is used |
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Term
In regard to developing organism,
what does critical period refer to? |
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Definition
the critical period is when the brain is rapidly developing
neurons connecting |
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Term
| How do teratogens, such as drugs, tobacco, alcohol harm the developing fetus? |
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Definition
teratogen-anything that harms fetus
thalidomide-stunted limbs, no ears, thumbs
tobacco- miscarriage, grow slower, premature, low birth weight, clefts
alcohol- FAS., affects mental, phys dev
cocaine- spont. abortion, malnourished, slow growth, withdrawal symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
sleeping baby suddenly stops breathing and dies |
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Term
| In what ways can HIV mothers pot. infect their baby? |
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Definition
prenatally-placenta
perinatally-blood
postnatally-breastfeeding |
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Term
| What are the facial char. of a baby with FAS? |
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Definition
small head
small eye opening and folds
flat midface, short nose, low nasal bridge
thin upper lip |
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Term
| What is the increased risk for babies from older women? |
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Definition
stillbirth
miscarriage
low birth weight
greater chance to carry twins, greater chance of add. risks |
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Term
| What birth risks are higher when the father is older? |
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Definition
older-more mascarriage
congenital heart defects
neural tube defects, Down syndrome |
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Term
| To what does anoxia refer to? |
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Definition
oxygen shortage (asphyxia)
(pinched umb. cord, sedatives, mucus in throat) |
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Term
| Why are women over 35 more likely to conceive twins? |
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Definition
| they release more than one egg during ovulation |
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Term
| What nutritional options do doctors rec. for a normal-weight women during pregnancy? |
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Definition
gain 25-35 pounds for norma weight women
high protein, high calorie, healthy
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Term
| What are complic. for delivery of a baby in breech position? |
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Definition
anoxia, brain cells could die if no oxygen is available
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Term
| In regard to childbirth, what is the adv. of the use of regional analgesics over general sedatives? |
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Definition
gen. sed. make baby sluggish, irritable, drugged
reg. anal do not cross placenta-few effects on babies
longer labor times, increased need for forceps and vaccum |
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Term
| What is maternal postpartum depression? |
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Definition
depression lasting months after giving birth
1 in 10 new mothers |
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Term
| Why cant premature babies breathe easily? |
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Definition
| do not have a lot of surfactant to prevent air sacs in lungs from sticking together |
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Term
| What were some of Werner and Smith's protective factors determined by their longitudinal study? |
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Definition
personal resources
supportive postnatal environment |
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Term
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Definition
| children who exp. growth deficits will grow rapidly and catch up to the growth trajectory they are gen. prog. to follow |
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Term
| what do the LEFT and RIGHT hemis of the brain control |
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Definition
left: right side, sequential processing, reasoning, language, thinking
right: left side, simultaneous processing, spatial information, visual-motor infor, emotion |
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Term
what are the cephalocaudal principle
and they proximodistal principle? |
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Definition
cephalocaudal: growth occurs from head to tail direction
proximodistal: grow muscles from the center outward |
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Term
| typical weight and length of newborn? |
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Definition
20 in long
7- 7 1/2 pounds |
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Term
| different kinds of reflexes? |
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Definition
survival reflexes: breathing, blinking, sucking, rooting, pupils
primitive reflexes: unsure purpose (toes),grasping, stepping
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Term
| Infant behavioral states? |
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Definition
est. organizzed and individual patterns for daily activity
org. sleep-wake pattern
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Term
| what are rec. hours for sleep per age? |
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Definition
2-5: 12 hrs
school-age: 10 hrs
teens: 9 hrs
adults: 8 hrs |
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Term
| /Gross motor skills and fine motor skills? |
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Definition
gross m. s: kicking legs, drawing large circles that involve whole body/muscle movements
BEFORE
fine m. s: picking cheerios off table, writing letters, precise movements |
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Term
| What is the secular trend? |
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Definition
| trend in more industrialized societies for earlier maturation and size |
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Term
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Definition
the ability to respond to depands for extraordinary output, such as when the heart and lungs work at maximum capacity
decline in reserve capacity with aging |
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